Lec 01 - PMLS (1).pdf

BATCH 2028 TRANS A.Y. 2024-2025 No. 011-092024 College of Medical Laboratory Science (CMLS) MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I LE...

BATCH 2028 TRANS A.Y. 2024-2025 No. 011-092024 College of Medical Laboratory Science (CMLS) MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I LEC/LAB: [History of Medical Technology M Practice] Transcribed by: [Nigella B. Rivera] NOTE: This trans is STRICTLY PROHIBITED from unauthorized distribution and photocopying for other purposes solely than the recipient’s personal use. A unique tracking number has been incorporated for all the batches of transes distributed by the CMLS-SC Academics Committee. Thus, should we have been notified that this trans has undergone unwarranted distribution, even beyond the 4 course of this PRELIM – FIRST SEMESTER of the A.Y. 2024-2025, the CMLS-SC Academics Committee has the right to terminate 02 this project for the said respective batch. -2 OUTLINE ○ Hippocrates and Galen instigated a rudiment and qualitative assessment of disorder through 23 I. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT measurement of bodily fluids aka the four A. Breakthroughs in Medical Technology humors 20 B. History of Medical Technology in the United States ○ Humor = Liquid C. History of Medical Technology in the Philippines ○ Blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile II. INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF Y. ○ Based on the four seasons MEDICAL LABORATORY ○ Imbalance among the four seasons = disease A. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT E Tempera Humor Main Ele Quali Comple Person TE ment organ men ties xion & ality t Physica Disease was believed to be a mystery – the result of negative l type interactions between the body and the environment IT Choleric Yellow Splee Fire Hot, Red-hair Violent, (P) bile n Dry ed wiry, Vengef 300 BC – 180 AD MM Thin ul volatile, ambitio Hippocrates us ○ Father of Medicine CO Melancholi Black Gallbl Eart Cold, Thin, Introsp ○ Author of the Hippocratic Oath c (A) bile adder h Dry Pale ective, sentime ○ Advocated for the following in the diagnosis of ntal, disease: apatheti S c Tasting of urine IC Listening to lungs Phlegmati Phlegm lungs wate Cold Overwei sluggis c (humor r Moist ght h, Observing outward appearance EM of phlegm) ,lazyco ○ Concluded that the appearance of bubbles, wardly blood and pus in the urine indicated kidney Sanguine Blood liver air Hot Ruddy, amorou disease or chronic illness. AD (I) Moist Chubby s, happy, Claudius Galenus (Galen) genero ○ Greek physician and philosopher us, AC carefre ○ Diabetes = Diarrhea of urine e, optimist ○ Established the relationship between fluid intake ic and urine volume The Four Humors Medieval Era (Europe) CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 1 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I Uroscopy heartbeats. ○ Water casting 1840 Microscope ○ Widely practiced in Medieval Europe ○ First practical microscope was devised by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 900 AD ○ Developed for medical First book detailing the characteristics of urine was 4 purposes due to advances in written lenses and lower costs. 02 ○ Color, density, quality 1850 Ophthalmoscope ○ Invented by Hermann Von -2 11th Century Helmholz ○ First visual technology 23 Medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examinations on their patients. 1855 Laryngoscope ○ Devised by Manuel Garcia 20 Relied on their patients description of symptoms and their ○ Used two mirrors to observe observations the throat and larynx 1859 X-ray Y. 18th Century ○ Invented by Wilhelm A. Mechanical Techniques and Cadaver Dissection were Roentgen used to provide a more objective and accurate diagnosis ○ Discovered by accident that radiation could penetrate E and to understand the insides of the body. solid objects of low density. TE ○ Allowed physicians to view 19th Century the inside of the body without Physicians began using machines for diagnosis or surgery. IT therapeutics ○ Used to diagnose: John Hutchinson Pneumonia, MM ○ Spirometer - measures the vital capacity of pleurisy, and lungs tuberculosis since World War II Jules Herisson CO 1903 Electrocardiograph ○ Sphygmomanometer - measures blood ○ Developed by William pressure Einthoven Chemistry was pivotal in the diagnosis of: ○ Measure electrical changes S ○ Diabetes during the beating of the IC ○ Anemia heart. ○ Diphtheria 1910 Kenny Method EM ○ Syphilis ○ Devised by Elizabeth Kenny ○ Pioneering work for modern physical therapy AD BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ○ Treatment for polio using hot packs and muscle DATE INVENTION manipulation. AC 1816 Stethoscope ○ Prompted the invention of ○ Invented by Rene Laennec the Sylvia Stretcher in 1927 ○ First diagnostic medical to transport patients in breakthrough. shock. ○ Used to acquire information about the lungs and CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 2 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I 1927 Drinker Respirator technician ○ Invented by Philip Drinker 1920 Administrative units of clinical ○ Help patients with paralytic laboratories in large hospitals were anterior poliomyelitis directed by a chief physician 1939 Heart-Lung Machine Clinical laboratories consisted of 4-5 ○ Invented by John Gibbon divisions 4 ○ Clinical pathology 1941 Cardiac Catheterization and ○ Bacteriology 02 Angiography ○ Microbiology ○ First operated by Forsmann ○ Serology -2 in 1929 ○ Radiology ○ Developed by Moniz, 1922 American Society for Clinical 23 Reboul & Rousthoi between 1930 and 1940 Pathology (ASCP) ○ Established code of ethics 20 ○ Discovered as safe method in humans by Counand in for technicians and 1941 technologists, stating they should Y. ○ Seeing the heart, lung vessels and valves by: Work under the A. Inserting cannula in supervision of a arm vein and heart physician Refrain from making E Injection of radiopaque dye for oral and written TE x-ray visualization. diagnosis Refrain from advising physicians IT how patients should HISTORY OF MEDTECH IN THE UNITED STATES be treated MM DATE DESCRIPTION American Society for Clinical 1895 University of Pennsylvania Laboratory CO ○ Established William Pepper ○ Formerly American Society Laboratory of Clinical for Clinical Pathology Medicine (ASCP); subgroup of the ASCP. S 1918 The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians by John ○ Helped in the recognition of IC Kolmer non physician clinical ○ A method to certify medical laboratory scientists as EM technologists on a national autonomous professionals. scale 1950 Professional recognition from the ○ First formal training course in government through licensure AD medical technology examination. State Legislature of Pennsylvania ○ Required all hospitals and HISTORY OF MEDTECH IN THE PHILIPPINES AC Institutions to: Have fully equipped DATE DESCRIPTION laboratory fit for 1565 Hospital Real, Cebu routine testing ○ First hospital established by Employ a full time Spaniards. laboratory CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 3 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I ○ Moved to Manila to cater 1898 Spanish Military Hospital converted military patients. into the First Reserve Hospital ○ ○ Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott 1578 San Lazaro Hospital Chief surgeon of the ○ Built by Franciscans for the Division of the poor and lepers. Pacific and Eighth 4 1596 Hospital San Juan de Dios Army Corps. ○ Converted after the fall of 02 ○ For poor Spaniards. Manila. 1611 University of Santo Tomas ○ Richard P. Strong -2 ○ Founded by Dominicans. ○ Used the lab to perform autopsies and examine 23 1641 Hospital de San Jose in Cavite feces, blood, and urine. 1901 Bureau of Government 20 Laboratories 1871 UST established the first faculty of ○ Established under the Pharmacy and Medicine Philippine Commission Act Y. No. 156 in Calle Herran (Pedro Gil), Ermita, Manila. A. 1876 Appointment of Provincial Medical Officers ○ Had a science library, ○ To provide equal healthcare chemical section, and serum E service to the country laboratory TE 1883 Establishment of the Board of Health ○ First Director: Paul Freer and Charity ○ Destroyed in World War II, space is currently occupied IT 1886 Expansion of the Board of Health and by the National Institutes of Charity Health of University of the MM Philippines-Manila. 1887 Laboratorio de Municipal de Manila ○ Reorganized in 1905. ○ Established by Spanish 1905 Bureau of Science CO authorities to examine food ○ Worked with the Army Board and water as clinical samples for the Study of Tropical ○ General Antonio Luna was Diseases. employed as a chemical ○ Worked closely with the S expert. Philippine General Hospital IC Pioneered water (PGH) and University of the testing, forensics, Philippines (UP) EM and environmental End of PH-US Board of Health studies. War ○ Established by the End of the 19th Spaniards started exploring microbial Americans, changed into the AD Century causes of disease. Bureau of Health. Advancements during the Spanish ○ Reorganized into the colonial rule broke down due to the Philippine Health Services in AC Philippine-American War which lasted 1915. from 1899 to 1902 ○ Reverted back to the Bureau The Americans established public of Health in 1933. health institutions modeled after ○ Now the Department of military health care systems. Health (DOH). CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 4 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I 1927 UP College of Public Health (CPH) Afterwards, Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. ○ Opened its Certificate in Prudencia Sta. Ana conducted a Public Health Program. training program for aspiring Provided proper laboratory workers. training to the 1954 Bureau of Private Education Philippine Health ○ Approved a 4-year course in 4 Service’s medical BS Medical Technology, officers. ending Dr. de Roda and Dr. 02 December 8, Japan attacked Manila, following the Sta. Ana’s training program. 1941 attack at Pearl Harbor. Manila Sanitarium and Hospital -2 (MSH) June 18, 1942 3rd Medical Laboratory ○ Opened the first School 23 ○ First unit assigned to Medical Technology in the Southwest Pacific Area country under Willa Hilgert 20 (SWPA). Hedrick. 1944 Relocation of Laboratories to the ○ Internship and Residency West Pacific Area affiliated with Loma Linda Y. ○ Served as small University in California. Philippine Union College (Baesa, A. detachments or mobile lab sections to military bases in Caloocan) different islands ○ Absorbed MSH’s School of E ○ Among these laboratories MedTech. TE were the: Dr. Jesse Umali 3rd, 5th, 8th Medical ○ First graduate of the MT Laboratories (added Program IT later were 26th and ○ Continued Medicine in FEU. 27th) 1957 Medical Technology offered as an MM 19th Medical elective subject for Pharmacy General Laboratory students in UST. 363rd Medical 1961 Recognition of Medical Technology as CO Composite an official program in UST. Detachment World War II Manila Public Health Laboratory INVENTIONS & INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL S ○ First clinical laboratory LABORATORY IC established in the Philippines. DATE DESCRIPTION EM ○ Established by the 6th Infantry Division of the US 1660 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Army at Quiricada St., Sta. ○ Father of Microbiology ○ Improvement of microscope AD Cruz, Manila. June 1945 Manila Public Health Laboratory 1796 Edward Jenner became non-operational when it was ○ Discovered smallpox AC endorsed to the National Department vaccination of Health. ○ Impact on immunology Oct. 1945 Reopening of Manila Public Health 1800 Marie Francois Xavier Bichat Laboratory. ○ Identified organs by their ○ Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. types of tissue Mariano Icasiano ○ Impact on histology CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 5 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I 1835 Agostini Bassi 1985 Kary Mullis ○ Produced disease in worms ○ Developed Polymerase by injection of organic Chain Reaction (PCR) materials 1992 Andre Van Steirteghem ○ Beginning of bacteriology ○ Introduced intracytoplasmic 1857 Louis Pastuer sperm injection (IVF - in Vitro 4 ○ Immunity to rabies Fertilization 1998 02 James Thomson 1866 Gregor Mendel ○ Derived the first human Stem ○ Law of Heredity from studies Cell line. -2 on pea plants. 1870 Joseph Lister 23 ○ Airborne organisms cause surgical infections 20 1877 Robert Koch ○ Pictures of Bacilli (Anthrax) and tubercle bacilli. Y. 1886 Elie Metchnikioff A. ○ Described phagocytes in blood and their role for fighting infection. E Ernst Von Bergmann TE ○ Steam sterilization in surgery 1902 Karl Landsteiner ○ ABO blood group system IT MM 1906 August Von Wassermann ○ Developed Immunologic test for syphilis. Howard Ricketts CO ○ Discovered Rickettsiae Microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria S and viruses IC 1929 Hans Fisher ○ Hemoglobin structure EM 1954 Jonas Salk ○ Poliomyelitis vaccine AD 1973 James Westgard ○ Introduced the Westgard AC Rules for quality control in clinical laboratory 1980 Baruch Samuel Blumberg ○ Hepatitis B vaccine CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 6 of 7  [Topic Title] MT-MLS 101A: Principles of Medical Laboratory Science I References: Benitez, P. Dumaoal, O.S., Estrella, F., Mortel, F. and Nava, M.R. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1. C&E Publishing Inc. PPT Presentation Courtesy of Sir Roy Martin Cerrado 4 02 Principles of Medical Laboratory Science Professors: Sir Roy Martin Cerrado -2 23 Transcribed by: 20 Nigella B. Rivera Y. Counter Checked by: Charla Jen G. Mendez A. E TE IT MM CO S IC EM AD AC CMLSSC Academics Committee A.Y. 2023-2024 Page 7 of 7