Lesson 1: History of Medical Technology PDF

MT 101 – A LEC PMLS 1 “HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY” Prepared by |Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  OBJECTIVES ❖Understand the Evolution of Medical Technology ❖Recognize the Impact of Historical Figures. ❖Examine the Role of Medic...

MT 101 – A LEC PMLS 1 “HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY” Prepared by |Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  OBJECTIVES ❖Understand the Evolution of Medical Technology ❖Recognize the Impact of Historical Figures. ❖Examine the Role of Medical Technology in Public Health. ❖Trace the Development of Educational and Professional Standards ❖Analyze the Societal and Ethical Implications Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY DEFINED: Application of principles of natural, physical and biological Performance of laboratory sciences. determinations and analyses Performance of laboratory Diagnosis and treatment of procedures diseases Diagnosis and treatment of Maintenance of health diseases HEINEMANN ANNA FAGELSON Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY DEFINED: Health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses Obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease Maintenance of good health WALTERS Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  ACCORDING TO THE PHILIPPINE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1969 (RA 5527) Medical technology is an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical procedures, techniques which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1500 B.C. Ebers Papyrus Intestinal parasites such as Taenia Book for treatment of diseases and Ascaris were mentioned in containing description of the three early writings. stages of hookworm infection (Vivian Herrick) Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 300 B.C - Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” Advocated the use of “mind and senses” as diagnostic tools. Described 4 humors or body fluids in the human body Associated the appearance of bubbles on the surface of urine to kidney disease and chronic illness. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Around 50 A.D – Rufus of Ephesus Middle Ages Made the first description of hematuria as Diagnosis by “water casting” the presence of blood in the urine. was popularized. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1096-1438 (Medieval period) Quacks reaped fortunes from diagnosing disease by the appearance of the urine. (Ruth Williams) Hindu doctors made the scientific observation that the urine of certain individuals attracted ants and that such urine has a sweetish taste. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 14th Century Italian physician at the University of Bologna employed Alexandra Giliani to perform certain tasks which would now be considered those of the medical technologist. She was an anatomist, serving as the first woman pro-sector or preparer of dissections for anatomical study. Unfortunately, this young lady died of laboratory acquired infection. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 17th century (1632-1723) Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented and improved the compound microscope. He was the first to describe the red blood cells, to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Frederick Dekkers Observed that proteins in the urine precipitated when boiled with acetic acid. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1628-1694 – Marcello Malphigi Described as the “greatest” of the early microscopist. He was also the “Founder of Pathology” because of his contributions in the field of embryology and anatomy. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1847- Rudolf Virchow 1848 – Hermann von Fehling Practiced pathology Performed the first quantitative test for He was the founder of the Archives of urine sugar. pathology in Berlin, Germany. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 19th century production of aniline dyes which is used in staining bacteria for microscopy. Era of public health Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Robert Koch Formulated the Koch’s postulates Specificity of a pathogen can be established if: It is present in all cases Inoculations of its pure culture produce disease in animals From these cultures, it can again be obtained Then it can again be propagated in pure cultures Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1861- Louis Pasteur Discovered the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria Discovered that wine spoiling due to microbes could be prevented by partial heat sterilization (pasteurization) at a temperature of 55̊C – 60̊C. Developed a vaccine against anthrax in 1881. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES University of Michigan by Dr. Douglas The first chemical laboratory related to medicine was established. He pioneered laboratory instruction in this well-equipped laboratory. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1878, Dr. William H. Welch Established another laboratory at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College. He gave the first laboratory course in Pathology ever offered in an American Medical School. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1885, Dr. William H. Welch Became the first professor of pathology at the John Hopkins University. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1896, Dr. William Osler First clinical laboratory opened at the John Hopkins Hospital Routine examination were carried out Special attention being given to the search for malarial parasites in blood. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1895-1896 Clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of Pennsylvania William Pepper Laboratory Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1908- Dr. James C. Todd Wrote the book “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”. It was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” in its 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur Sanford. This book became the standard reference for laboratories. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1919 census 100 technicians, all male employed in the United States. This increased to 3,500 in 1920. In 1922, 3,035 hospitals had clinical laboratories. 1915 The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have an adequate laboratory and to employ a full-time laboratory technician Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1922, University of Minnesota One of the first school to train laboratory workers. A course bulletin was titled “Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technician” 1923, University of Minnesota first to offer a degree level program Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES 1940 1950 United States required a 2 Standard curriculum was formalized in year collegiate education preparation for a Bachelor of Science and a twelve-month actual degree. training in the laboratory for the preparation of its practice. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES 6th Infantry Division of the U.S Army – Introduced the Medical technology. First clinical laboratory: 208 Quiricada St., Sta Cruz Manila. October 1, 1945 – Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda Reorganized the deserted laboratory Supported by Dr. Mariano Icasiano – Manila City Health Officer Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES The Laboratory was later named Manila Public Health Laboratory Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana – offered a training program to high school graduates who were interested to work as medical technicians (1947). 1954 - The first four-year Bachelor of Medical Technology Program was offered by the Philippine Union College and Manila Sanitarium. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Dr. Jesse Umali - First graduate if the program in the PUC (1956). 1957 – University of Santo Tomas: offered Medical Technology as a major in the degree B.S in Pharmacy not B.S Medical Technology and without the 12-month internship training. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  HE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES 1960 – Centro Escolar University (CEU) Through the initiative of President Carmen De Luna and university registrar Generosa De Leon, delegated dean Purification Suaco to work for offering the degree B.S. Medical Technology. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT  REFERENCES ❖Recitals in Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics by Romael Meng G. Binarao. ❖Ebuen, B.U., Lim, N.F., Manahan, E.P.,et al.(2020).Learning Guide for Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2.C&E Publishing, Inc. Prepared by | Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT Thank You for Listening! Prepared by |Carl Jethro G. Dellosa, RMT