Learning-Target-and-Assessment-Method-Match.pdf

EDCK 2: Assessment in Learning 1 Reporters: Bono Rochelle Swenen, Ginalyn M. Torres Kemuel Instructor: Shiryl Abejon Learning Target and Assessment Method Match De Guzman, et al., (2015) defined learning target as a description of performance that includes what learners sho...

EDCK 2: Assessment in Learning 1 Reporters: Bono Rochelle Swenen, Ginalyn M. Torres Kemuel Instructor: Shiryl Abejon Learning Target and Assessment Method Match De Guzman, et al., (2015) defined learning target as a description of performance that includes what learners should know and be able to do. This definition is similar to that of a learning outcome. In other words, learning targets provide students with a roadmap along which points to their destination and what to expect upon reaching it. Learning targets should comply with the standards prescribed by a program or level and should align with the instructional or learning objectives of a subject or course. Balagtas, et al (2020). Simply put, teachers must be cognizant of the learning targets of the lesson prior to classroom instruction. Without the alignment between learning targets and learning activities/assessments, students will spend time on activities, assignments and assessments that stray from intended goals. If the objective is to “defend" an idea, but the assessment used is a multiple-choice quiz, students cannot defend the idea with proper skills. What is taught in the classroom instruction and subsequently assessed should be aligned with the learning targets of a lesson. When assessment is aligned with instruction, both students and teachers benefit. There is a better chance for learners to learn more because instruction is focused assessed appropriately. Teachers are also able to focus, making the best use of their time. Because assessment involves real learning, they can integrate it into their daily classroom activities Types of Learning Targets Chappuis, Stiggins, Chappuis, & Arter (2012) classify learning targets into five categories: knowledge, reasoning, skill, product and disposition. TYPES OF LEARNING TARGETS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Knowledge Targets Refers to factual information, You can identify and describe the procedural knowledge, and elements of design in a work of conceptual understanding that art. strengthen each discipline. Reasoning Targets Specify the thought processes You can evaluate the quality of students are to learn to do well your work in order to improve it. within a range of subjects. Skill Targets Use of a variety knowledge You can use an air brush to and/or reasoning to perform or create different effects. demonstrate physical skills. Product Targets Use of knowledge, reasoning, You can create a still life oil and skills in creating a fixed or painting. tangible product. Disposition Targets Refer to attitudes, motivations, You question the validity of and interests that affect various positions including your students' approaches to own. learning. Appropriate Methods of Assessment Once learning targets are clearly set, you can easily determine the appropriate assessment method. McMillan (2007) as cited by De Guzman et al (2015) prepared a scorecard as a guide on how well a particular assessment method measures each level of learning. The table below shows the relative strength of each assessment method in measuring different learning targets. Table 1. Learning Targets and Assessment Methods (McMillan 2007) Assessment Methods Learning Selected- Essay Performance Oral Observation Student Targets response Tasks Questioning Self- and Brief- Assessment constructed response Knowledge 5 4 3 4 3 3 and Simple Understanding Deep 5 4 4 2 3 Understanding 2 and Reasoning Skills 1 3 5 2 5 3 Products 1 1 5 2 4 4 Affects 1 2 4 4 4 5 Note: Higher numbers indicate better matches (e.g. 5 = excellent, 1 =poor)