Landforms of the Earth PDF

LANDFORMS of the earth Plateau  Landform is a natural and artificial features of the solid surface of the Earth. There are different types of landforms.  Endogenic forces- Forces which cannot be seen e.g tectonic plate movement Exogenicforces- Forces which can be notic...

LANDFORMS of the earth Plateau  Landform is a natural and artificial features of the solid surface of the Earth. There are different types of landforms.  Endogenic forces- Forces which cannot be seen e.g tectonic plate movement Exogenicforces- Forces which can be noticed or seen e.g ice, water, wind MOUNTAIN A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth’s crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. There are three types of mountain FOLD MOUNTAIN BLOCK MOUNTAIN VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN FOLD MOUNTAIN Tectonic plates when they move towards each other they collide with each other. BLOCK MOUNTAIN A mountain formed by natural faults in the Earths crust. VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN Volcanic mountains are formed as a result of volcanic activities on the surface of the Earth. The magma inside the Earth erupts out as lava through the cracks on the Earth's surface. This cools down repeatedly to form volcanic mountains. Example: Mt. Kilimanjaro IMPORTANCE OF MOUNTAINS  PLATEAUS Aplateau is a flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. Types of Plateaux Tectonic Plateau-Tectonic plateau is formed by the movement of Earths crustal planes. Volcanic Plateau-A volcanic plateau is a plateau formed by spread of successive layers of lava on particular region. DissectedPlateaux-These have irregular surface marked by canyons, gorges and steep, narrow valleys formed by erosion. IntermontanePlateau-These are surrounded by mountains and are the most common types of plateau. Piedmont Plateau-That lies between a mountain and a plain or ocean IMPORTANCE OF PLATEAUS Plateaus are elevated flat lands. Plateaus have one or more sides with steep slopes. Their height often varies from few hundred metres to several thousand metres. The Tibet plateau is the highest plateau in the world. Plateaus are storehouse of minerals like gold, diamond, iron, coal, etc.  PLAINS Plains are large stretches of flat land. They are, generally, not more than 200 metres above the mean sea level. Structural plains Erosional plains Depositional plains IMPORTANCE OF PLAINS Agriculture Development of roads for transportation Networking for communication MINOR LANDFORMS Island Peninsulas Isthmuses MINOR LANDFORMS Islands-An island is a piece of land which is surrounded by water. Peninsulas-Apeninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides and joined to larger land mass. Isthmuses-Anisthmuses is an elongated narrow piece of land with water on each side, that joins two large land masses. ISLANDS E.g-Lakshadweep islands in Arabian sea and the Andaman Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. Sri Lanka is an island just South of India, in the Indian ocean. Madagascar is another big islands in the same ocean. PENINSULA E.g-Malay peninsula, the peninsular plateau of India. ISTHMUSES Isthmus of Panama joins North America and South America with the Pacific ocean on one side and the Atlantic Ocean on the other hand. Isthmusof Suez joins Africa to Asia and separates the mediterranean sea and the Red sea.  LANDFORMS AND PEOPLE Earthquake causes loss of life. Nature of rocks determine whether or not humans can dwell safely on it. Landforms influences weather and climate. Plains are easier for people to make roads and houses and to dig wells. INFLUENCE OF INDIAS GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES ON SHAPING ITS HISTORY