Lab I- Basic phlebotomy.pdf

HEMATOLOGY I  HEMATOLOGY I Laboratory 1: Basic Phlebotomy PHLEBOTOMY Skin puncture and Venipuncture Presented by: Presented by: GIAN CARLO R. CARABIT, RMT GIAN CARLO R. CARABIT, RMT Faculty, Faculty Medical...

HEMATOLOGY I  HEMATOLOGY I Laboratory 1: Basic Phlebotomy PHLEBOTOMY Skin puncture and Venipuncture Presented by: Presented by: GIAN CARLO R. CARABIT, RMT GIAN CARLO R. CARABIT, RMT Faculty, Faculty Medical Medical Technology technology department Department  HEMATOLOGY I Phlebotomy Comes from the Greek word “phleb “(vein) and “tomia” (to cut) literally means “to cut a vein” The process of collecting blood. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Phlebotomist A person specifically trained in blood collection techniques and are employed primarily to collect blood. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Main phlebotomy procedures 1.Capillary 2. Venipuncture puncture AKA: Venesection AKA: Skin puncture Blood is collected Blood is collected from through a needle a puncture made with a inserted into a vein. lancet or similar device G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Arterial puncture Special procedure where blood is collected by a needle inserted through an artery rather than a vein. Not used for routine blood collection. Limited to the collection of arterial blood gas. Requires special training. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Public relation and client interaction Blood collection personnel plays an important role in public relations for the laboratory (Often being the only contact a patient has with it) and the health care facility. A phlebotomist must have the following qualities. Professionalism Appearance Attitude Integrity/ honesty, Compassion, Motivation, Dependability, Diplomacy, Ethical behavior. Communication skills G.c.carabit Bedside manner  HEMATOLOGY I The vascular system Network of arteries, veins and capillaries that circulate blood throughout the body. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I The vascular system Arteries Veins Capillaries Bright red because Dark or bluish red Only one cell it is rich in because it lacks thick to allow oxygen. oxygen. exchange of Have thick walls to substance. Have thinner walls withstand the than same sized Mixture of pressure of arteries because arterial, venous, ventricular contraction which blood in them is and tissue fluids G.c.carabit creates the pulse under less (interstitial and  HEMATOLOGY I Antecubital area AKA elbow pit Triangular area anterior of the elbow. Location of major veins for venipuncture. FIRST CHOICE for routine venipuncture. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I H-shaped antecubital Veins Present in 70% of the population Median cubital vein: preferred venipuncture site Cephalic vein: second choice in venipuncture Basilic vein: last choice for venipuncture G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I M-shaped antecubital veins Intermediate antebrachial veins. Median vein: intermediate antebrachial vein; first choice Median cephalic vein: intermediate cephalic vein; second choice Median basilic vein: Other veins Veins on the back of the hand and wrist. Legs, ankle and foot veins (must be used with the consent of the physician due to potential significant medical complications) G.c.carabit  Sites to be avoided Hematoma Burns Scars Edema Side on which mastectomy was done Site of IV infusion Should be drawn in the opposite arms If IV is in both arms, blood should be drawn below the IV line after fluids have been G.c.carabit stopped for 2-3 minutes.  Complications in blood collection Ecchymosis (Bruise) Most common complication Caused by leakage of small amounts of fluids in tissues. Syncope (Fainting) Needle should be withdrawn when patient faint. G.c.carabit Failure to draw blood  HEMATOLOGY I Capillary puncture procedure G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Capillary puncture AKA skin puncture Lancets Microcollection Capillary tube/ tubes capillet Uses a lancet to make a small incision into the capillary bed to obtain a small volume of blood. Good alternative to venipuncture. G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Capillary puncture AKA skin puncture We perform capillary puncture when: Veins are fragile Veins are not accessible (burns and scars) Veins are reserved for another procedure (chemotherapy, etc). Clotting tendencies Extreme fear of needles Veins will be used for glucose monitoring or OGTT G.c.carabit Preferred for infants and young childrens  HEMATOLOGY I Venipuncture Procedures G.c.carabit  HEMATOLOGY I Tourniquet Rubber: Velcro Seraket: Most commonly Made of used cloth Applied to a patient’s arm to restrict venous blood flow, making the veins larger and easier to find. Tourniquet application: 2-4 inches (7.5- 10 cm) Duration of tourniquet: