Lab 4: Skeletal System II: Axial (Postcranial) & Appendicular Skeleton Lab Notes

**Lab 4: Skeletal System II:** **Axial (postcranial) & Appendicular skeleton** **Goals**: Familiarize yourself with the characteristic features of the **postcranial (below skull) axial elements** of the vertebral column (five types of vertebrae), sternum, and ribs, and the **appendicular skeleton*...

**Lab 4: Skeletal System II:** **Axial (postcranial) & Appendicular skeleton** **Goals**: Familiarize yourself with the characteristic features of the **postcranial (below skull) axial elements** of the vertebral column (five types of vertebrae), sternum, and ribs, and the **appendicular skeleton**, from the pectoral and hip girdle bones, to the upper and lower limb bones, including how to "side" left from right major elements. You will also apply this knowledge to forms of joint movement and learn about two major joints that have frequent injury. **[I. POSTCRANIAL AXIAL SKELETON:]** **Vertebral Column** **Vertebral features** *(Note how all of these parts of vertebra differ between regions)*: Vertebral body Vertebral arch Spinous process Transverse processes Vertebral foramen  Transverse foramina Atlas Axis Thoracic vertebrae Costal facets Transverse facets Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Auricular surface on ala Sacral canal Sacral foramina Coccyx  Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process True ribs False ribs Floating ribs **[II. APPENDICULAR SKELETON:]** **Pectoral girdle:** Clavicle Scapula Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Spine **Upper Limb:** Humerus Head Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) Anatomical vs. Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Capitulum Trochlea Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Olecranon fossa Radial tuberosity Olecranon process Styloid process of the radius Coronoid process of the ulna Ulnar notch Styloid process of the ulna Carpals Lunate Triquetral \- Trapezium Trapezoid \- Hamate Metacarpal I-V Phalanges Florida Center for Instructional Technology https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/35300/35358/wrist\_hand\_35358.htm **Pelvic girdle:** Coxal Bones Ilium \- Auricular surface \- \- Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity Pubis Pubic symphysis **Lower limb:** Femur \- Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter \- Medial and lateral condyles Medial and lateral epicondyles Patellar surface \- Patella Tibia Lateral condyle Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Fibula Anterior crest Head Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Tarsals Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Metatarsals I-V Phalanges Proximal, middle, and distal **[III. Joint Movements Terms]** *(**\***not tested on practical -- need to know for class exa*m) In the provided space on this page, define each term. Abduction / Adduction Flexion / Extension Hyperextension / Lateral flexion Circumduction Medial rotation / Lateral rotation Supination / Pronation Dorsiflexion / Plantar flexion Inversion / Eversion Depression / Elevation Protraction / Retraction Opposition / Reposition **[IV. Major Joints]** Glenohumeral joint (Shoulder Joint) Glenoid cavity Glenoid labrum Articular capsule Articular cartilage Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Knee joint Patellar ligament Patella Anterior & Posterior cruciate ligaments  Medial & lateral menisci Tibial (medial) collateral ligament Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament