L7 Transportation-2 PDF - Urban Mobility & Transport

L6 Transportation: modern life & geography GEOG1005 Geography and the Contemporary World Dr. GUO Meiyu Recent studies in transport geography OUTLINE  Transport geography  Urban transportation  Public transit services  Urban mobility in the new era...

L6 Transportation: modern life & geography GEOG1005 Geography and the Contemporary World Dr. GUO Meiyu Recent studies in transport geography OUTLINE  Transport geography  Urban transportation  Public transit services  Urban mobility in the new era  What is Transport Geography? Transport geography is a sub-discipline of geography concerned about the mobility of people, freight, and information and its spatial organization. It includes attributes and constraints related to the origin, destination, extent, nature, and purpose of mobility. The Sisyphus Analogy in Transportation The Scales of Transport Geography Fields of Transport Geography An airport passenger terminal?  The Transport System Dimensions of Transport Geography Transportation as a Derived Demand (派生需求) Different Representations of Distance The Spatial Consideration of a Movement Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation Passengers Freight https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/the-airport/air- cargo/infrastructure-facilities.page Two Common Fallacies (謬誤) in Transport Geography Access = accessibility ？？？ Access is the same for everyone Accessibility varies according to one’s location within the transport system Two Common Fallacies (謬誤) in Transport Geography Distance = Time ？？？ Distance is not time Urban Transportation  Urban Movements Land use Specific movements are linked to specific urban activities and their land use. Involves the generation and attraction of an explicit array of movements. Factors: Recurrence, income, urban form, spatial accumulation, level of development and technology. Urban movements Obligatory: linked to scheduled activities (such as home-to-work movements) Voluntary: free to decide of their scheduling (such as leisure). Typical Urban Day Trips by Modes, Origins and Destinations Main Purposes of Urban Trips How connected is your city? London New York Hong Kong Residential and employment densities https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/26/connected-city-urban-transport-trends-world  The context of urban mobility Urban sprawl Growing car ownership Increasing traffic congestion Improved energy/environmental technologies but lower energy/environmental performances Increasing energy prices  The vicious circle of urban decline - More cars - More congestion - Slower PT -Urban sprawl PT: public transit - Lower PT quality - More people - Less PT customers dependent on car use - Lower PT revenue - More roads - Decrease in PT supply - Inner cities are less attractive - Transfer of activities to the outskirts  We Must break the vicious circle - Car traffic appropriately charged - Controlled parking PUBLIC HIGHER QUALITY TRANSPORT OF URBAN LIFE MORE COMMERCIALLY VIABLE - Less car traffic - Less congestion - Possibly more fund for PT - Urban sprawl under control - More attractive - More efficient use of cities and city road infrastructure centres - Commercial speed - Higher individual of PT increases transport costs - Less subsidies - More cost-efficient PT operation needed - Better quality for - More PT - PT more market passengers customers oriented - More PT revenue  The three pillars of an integrated urban mobility system Land use planning Restriction of private car traffic Promotion of public transport INTEGRATED URBAN MOBILITY  Urban Transit Context Dominantly an urban transportation mode. The great majority of transit trips are taking place in large cities. Conditions fundamental to the efficiency of transit systems: High density and high mobility demands over short distances. Shared public service: Benefits from economies of agglomeration related to high densities. Economies of scale related to high mobility demands. Transit systems Many types of services established to answer mobility needs. Variety of transit systems around the world. Components of an Urban Transit System  Congestion Congestion Occurs when transport demand exceeds transport supply in a specific section of the transport system. Each vehicle impairs the mobility of others. Types: Recurring congestion (specific times of the day and on specific segments of the transport system). Random events (accidents and weather conditions). Recurring Congestion  Strategies for Resolving Congestion Ramp metering Traffic signal synchronization Incident management HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) lanes Public transit How Ramp Metering Works Hong Kong Easy use of public transit and increased attractiveness Speeding up access to train platforms Better information on customers Saving in operational and maintenance costs in comparison with magnetic tickets Fight against fraud Urban mobility in the new era What is Shared Mobility? Short-term access to mobility services on an ‘as-needed’ basis.  Shared Mobility is highly scalable Shared mobility modes are replicating quickly around the globe.  VISION for shared mobility 20th Century Model: 21st Century Model: One vehicle for all trip types. A spectrum of travel modes available for any trip type. The sum of options is greater than the whole. VS. Car ownership induces driving. Transit, walking & cycle remain core. Once you invest in a car, you use it. No sunk costs. No depreciation. Car ownership is the mobility plan. No ownership-induced travel. Pay for every kilometer driven.  Shared Mobility: Disrupting the Decline in Cycling Using Shared Mobility to bend the trend Introduction Automobile of VELIB Use in China Conversion of parking to more bike lanes Cycling in Paris Cycling in China Introduction to Google self-driving car  How does it work? The software can recognise objects, people, cars, road marking, signs and traffic lights, obeying the rules of the road and allowing for multiple unpredictable hazards, including cyclists. It can even detect road works and safely navigate around them Equipment Used  Self-driving Cars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6tRewiT1I8 Advantages? Disadvantages?