L4 Response to Patients Personal and Physical Needs PDF

Chapter 12 Response to Patients’ Personal and Physical Needs  Objectives (1 of 2) Demonstrate how to drain and measure the output from a urinary collection bag. List three personal comfort needs common to most patients. List five common body positions used in the healthcare set...

Chapter 12 Response to Patients’ Personal and Physical Needs  Objectives (1 of 2) Demonstrate how to drain and measure the output from a urinary collection bag. List three personal comfort needs common to most patients. List five common body positions used in the healthcare setting, and place a fellow student correctly in each position. List four complications that may arise from improper patient positioning. Demonstrate the correct use of pillows and positioning blocks to ensure patient comfort on the x-ray table.  Objectives (2 of 2) List three situations in which the patient’s head should be elevated. State the purpose of physical restraints and the conditions in which they should be applied. Demonstrate immobilization techniques utilizing sponges, sandbags, stockinet, and the mummy wrap technique. Demonstrate infant immobilization using the commercial device(s) available in your clinical facility. List and identify signs of possible physical abuse or neglect in infants, the elderly, or other vulnerable adults.  Key Terms Battered child syndrome lordosis Catheter Nonaccidental trauma Colostomy (NAT) Debilitated Nothing by mouth (NPO) Decubitus ulcer Orthopnea Elder abuse Prone Emesis Recumbent Fowler position Restraints Ileostomy Sims position Immobilization Stoma Incontinence Supine Kyphosis  Personal Concerns of Patients Anxiety is common Anxiety may be caused by  fear about possible diagnosis.  effect of illness on family.  concerns over modesty. Reassurance is provided by professional touch and attitude, details of procedure.  Physiological Needs (1 of 5) Water Elimination  Physiological Needs (2 of 5) Water  Check the chart to ensure patient is allowed fluids by mouth.  Offer with a straw.  Record amount on the chart.  Physiological Needs (3 of 5) Elimination  Ask patient if the restroom is needed before beginning lengthy procedures. Provide assistance to the restroom, if needed, or Provide a urinal or bedpan. Sterile gloves  Check chart for special instructions. Specific collection container Recording input/output  Physiological Needs (4 of 5) Elimination  Some patients may have a urinary catheter in place.  Collection bag must be kept below bladder to prevent backflow and contamination of bladder.  Colostomy and ileostomy care may be necessary if patient is not able to perform these functions alone.  Physiological Needs (5 of 5) Sanitary napkins may also be needed.  Know storage location. Positioning for Safety and Comfort Body positions Support and padding  Body Positions (1 of 2) Recumbent  Supine (A)  Prone (B)  Lateral (C) Sims position (D)  Body Positions (2 of 2) Fowler position (E) Semi-Fowler position (F) Trendelenburg (G) Knee-chest (H) Lithotomy (I)  Support and Padding Use of various positioning aids increases patient comfort  Considerations for Elderly and Debilitated Patients Increased fall risk Decreased subcutaneous fat layer Fragile skin  Restraints and Immobilization Restraints  Used to ensure patient safety  Require physician’s order Immobilization  Help to secure and stabilize to prevent motion  Observation for Signs of Abuse Child abuse  Also termed battered child syndrome and nonaccidental trauma (NAT) Elder abuse  Child Abuse Signs Multiple injuries Cigarette burns on exposed Evidence of chronic or areas or genitals repeated injury with no other Black eyes in an infant explanation Human bite marks Injuries that are not Lash marks consistent with parents’ Choke marks around neck report of the trauma Failure to seek prompt Circular marks around wrists treatment for serious injury or ankles (twisting) Bruise marks shaped like Separated skull sutures or hands, fingers, or objects bulging fontanel in infant (such as a belt) Unexplained Specific patterns of scalding unconsciousness in infant Burns on hands or buttocks Elder Abuse Signs of Concern (1 of 2) Bruises, pressure marks, broken bones, abrasions, and burns may be indications of physical abuse, neglect, or mistreatment. Unexplained withdrawal from normal activities, a sudden change in alertness, and unusual depression may be indicators of emotional abuse. Bruises around the breasts or genital area can occur from sexual abuse. Elder Abuse Signs of Concern (2 of 2) Sudden changes in financial situation may be the result of exploitation. Decubitus ulcers, unattended medical needs, poor hygiene, and unusual weight loss are indicators of possible neglect. Behavior such as belittling, threats, and other uses of power and control by spouses are indicators of verbal or emotional abuse. Strained or tense relationships and frequent arguments between the caregiver and elderly person are also signs of elder abuse.