Air Transportation L4 - PDF

z Air Transportation Dr. Ryan Africa Gamoso z Learning Objectives § Discuss the history of aviation. § Explain the importance of air transportation in the tourism industry. § Identify the categories of...

z Air Transportation Dr. Ryan Africa Gamoso z Learning Objectives § Discuss the history of aviation. § Explain the importance of air transportation in the tourism industry. § Identify the categories of air carriers and aircraft. § Explain the air transport structure. § Identify the categories of airlines. § Differentiate domestic and international airlines’ services and characteristics. § Name the new trends in the aviation and airline industry. § Explain the role and the airport activities. § Identify the various types of airline ownership. § Describe the different airport facilities. z Routes and Air Services § Airlines use network planning models to predict their profitability (Garrow, 2010). It was further explained that network planning models are used by airlines to find out how many passengers can be expected to fly to which destinations, what city pairs they should operate, and other schedule-related decisions. z Two main categories of a network model § Point-to-point model is when an operates simple routes. Airlines focus on operating flights between the origin city to the destination. § Hub and spoke. The bicycle when is an example of a spoke where the center of the wheel is the hub. Airlines use the larger and busier airports as their hub. The smaller or regional cities feed their passengers to the hub. § Spokes are also known as feeder flights. z Regulatory Bodies § Global Industry Associations and Organizations § They serve as the intermediaries and coordinators among the members, airlines and countries (Zapanta, 2009). § IATA and ICAO z International Air Transport Association § IATA is a group organized by 57 international airlines in 1945, and by 2020, it has 290 members, 480 strategic partners, and 100,000 accredited travel and cargo agencies (IATA members, n.d.). It is their mission to represent, lead, and serve the airline industry. z International Air Transport Association § Significance of IATA to Air Transportation § IATA standardization in the aviation industry. § Ex. IATA three-letter city codes and airport codes § Manila – MNL § Tokyo – TYO (city), Narita – NRT (airport), Haneda – HND (airport) § Simplified travel for all (like formats) § Name starts with family or surname, followed by a slash to separate the first name. § Gamoso/Ryan § Format date is always DAY-MONTH-YEAR § September 7, 2024 is 07SEP2024  z International Air Transport Association § Significance of IATA to Air Transportation § On geography. IATA uses the IATA Traffic Conferences divided into three (3) parts: Countries in North and South America are in IATA Traffic Conference 1; in Europe and the Middle East, IATA Traffic Conference 2; and in Asia, IATA Traffic Conference 3.  z International Air Transport Association § Economic Significance of IATA to Air Transportation § IATA sets gross fares that are considered the most expensive fares for international routes. § Setting the highest fare will protect passengers, and it also protects the airlines since it is a fare that is profitable for them. § IATA sets price floor among airlines. § This protects both big and small airlines from price drops, which are often below breakeven.  z International Air Transport Association § IATA and Travel Agencies § IATA-accredited travel agencies issue tickets, sell international tickets aside from domestic tickets, and provide other services. § If a travel agency is non-IATA, they can purchase international tickets from the airline industry directly or through IATA-accredited travel agencies.  z List of Domestic Commercial Airports and their Codes Area City Province City/Airport Code Basco Batanes BSO Busuanga (Coron) Palawan USU Clark Pampanga CRK Cauayan Isabela CYZ Laoag Ilocos Norte LAO Legazpi Albay LGP LUZON Manila NCR MNL Marinduque Marinduque MRQ Naga Camarines Sur WNP Puerto Princesa Palawan PPS Tuguegarao Cagayan TUG Virac Catanduanes VRC  z List of Domestic Commercial Airports and their Codes Area City Province City/Airport Code Bacolod Negros Occidental BCD Calbayog Samar CYP Catarman Northern Samar CRM Caticlan Aklan MPH Cebu Cebu CEB Dumaguete Negros Oriental DGT VISAYAS Iloilo Iloilo ILO Kalibo Aklan KLO Ormoc Leyte OMC Roxas Roxas RXS Tacloban Leyte TAC Tagbilaran Bohol TAG  z List of Domestic Commercial Airports and their Codes Area City Province City/Airport Code Butuan Agusan del Norte BXU Camiguin Northern Mindanao CGM Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental CGY Cotabato Maguindanao CBO Davao Davao DVO Dipolog Zamobanga del Norte DPL General Santos South Cotabato GES Mindanao Jolo Sulu JOL Pagadian Zamboanga del Sur PAG Siargao Surigao del Norte IAO Surigao Surigao del Norte SUG Tandag Surigao del Sur TDG Tawi-Tawi Tawi-Tawi TWI Zamboanga Zamboanga del Sur ZAM  z Airline Codes for PH-based International Airlines Airline Name IATA Numeric Code IATA Two-character ICAO Three-letter Code Code AirAsia Berhad 807 AK AXM Philippine AirAsia 457 Z2 APG Cebu Pacific 203 5J CEB Philippine Airlines 079 PR PAL  z International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) § ICAO is a United Nations specialized agency, established by UN member states in 1944 (About ICAO, n.d.). § In 2020, there are 193 member stated that includes the Philippines. § It was created to administer and govern the Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention (The History of ICAO and the Chicago Convention, n.d.). § They were tasked to formulate policies for the safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable, and environmentally responsible civil aviation. z International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) § Importance of ICAO to Aviation § ICAO is involved in aircraft accident investigations, particularly concerning international airlines. § Examples: Environmental protection – air pollution and carbon dioxide emission, airplanes contributing to the cause of global warming. § 9/11, door peepholes for pilots in flight deck.  z IN SUMMARY IATA is more involved in the economics of the airline business (rates and charges of ICAO is more connected with ensuring airline passengers, and tariff for cargo, and safety of the airline industry. rates and commission levels). z Philippine Regulatory Bodies § Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) § This is a government agency with a mandate to ensure the economic well-being of air transportation in the country. § To ensure that domestic airlines offer fairly priced airfare. § Air Passenger Bill of Rights – to protect the airline-riding public. § Air negotiation z Philippine Regulatory Bodies § Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines § Tasked to secure the technical and operational aspects of the airline industry. § Maintenance of airports. § Aircraft accident investigations. § Licensing office for pilots, air traffic controllers, and other licensed personnel in air travel.  z IN SUMMARY IATA is more involved in the economics of the airline business (rates and charges of ICAO is more connected with ensuring airline passengers, and tariff for cargo, and safety of the airline industry. rates and commission levels). z THANK YOU!