L3 Diabetes v1 September 2020.pdf

Diabetes Component 5 ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 What is diabetes...

Diabetes Component 5 ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 What is diabetes Who is affected Causes Diabetic Emergencies Assessment and Management ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 Diabetes A common metabolic disorder identified by chronic high blood sugar levels. ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 Diabetes video ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 Underlying causes of diabetes mellitus generally fall into 4 categories Genetic Obesity Age Ethnicity ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 What is happening in Diabetes? In Type 1 Diabetes Insulin is not being produced at all In Type 2 Diabetes Insulin is released but the receptor sites have mutated and Insulin is unable to enter the cells to allow sufficient Glucose absorption ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 How is Diabetes Controlled? Type 1 Type 2 ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 Blood Glucose Levels Blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This is expressed as millimoles per litre (mmol/L) Normal values: Non-diabetic 3.0 to 5.6mmol/L Diabetics 4 to 7mmol/L before meals. Less than 10mmol/L one and a half hours after meals. Around 8mmol/L at bedtime. ©Department of Clinical Education & Standards  Glycaemic Emergencies (Diabetes) - Component 5 Hypoglycaemia Common causes of hypoglycaemia: Overdose of Insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents Hepatic or Renal dysfunction Hypoglycaemia is a Other illnesses, including infection BM