L3 Behavioural Social Science and Psychology PDF

National University Community Medicine Department Behavioral Sciences LECTURE No. ( 3) LECTURE TITLE : Behavioral and social science Dr. Hiba Elzaki  Behavior Behavior refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, us...

National University Community Medicine Department Behavioral Sciences LECTURE No. ( 3) LECTURE TITLE : Behavioral and social science Dr. Hiba Elzaki  Behavior Behavior refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. Behavior can be: Conscious or unconscious, Overt or covert, Voluntary or involuntary.  Behavior The behavior of people falls within a range: Common X unusual, Acceptable X outside acceptability The acceptability of behavior and normativity is evaluated relative to social and moral norms and regulated by various means of social control.  Determinants of Human Behavior Biological Perspective Behavioral Perspective Psychoanalytic Perspective Cognitive Perspective Humanistic Perspective  :Human behavior is influenced by Culture, Attitudes, Emotions, Values, Ethics, Authority, Persuasion, Coercion (Threat or Force) Genetics.  Behavioral Science Behavioral sciences encompass all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behavior through controlled and naturalistic experimental observations and rigorous formulations.  Behavioral sciences: Definition The science that deals with human action and seeks to generalize about human behaviour in society. Scientific disciplines of social sciences are sociology, social psychology and social anthropology.  Social Sciences & Behavioral Sciences Focuses on the Focuses on human behavior of human beings in the social beings & animals. context. Experimental in nature Experimental quality is vague in Social High level of sciences Empiricism Empiricism is Low. Concentrates on the communication and Focus on the larger decision related social systematic themes. themes.  Spectrum of Behavioral Psychology Sciences The study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. The study of the nature, functions and phenomena of human beings Sociology The scientific study of society. The study of the development, nature and laws of human society. Sociology also focuses on social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, law, and deviance.  Spectrum of Behavioral Anthropology: Sciences The study of the origins, history, mechanisms and constitution of human cultures  Psychology the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. the mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group the mental factors governing a situation or activity.  Psychology scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behavior in humans and other animals  Anthropology  The study of people and their ways of life; it studies all aspects of a society.  Where they live, what they eat, language, morals etc…  A group of people who depend on one another for their well-being and share a common culture.  Archeology studies the physical and cultural characteristics of peoples and societies that existed in the distant past.  Culture common patterns and ways of living that characterize a society.  Power is part of the culture or the way of life of a people.  Political Science The study of states, nations, governments, politics and policies of government. Governments possess authority, exercise power over all individuals and institutions in society. Political scientists have been concerned with the dangers of unlimited and unchecked governmental power.  Economics  Economics – The study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.  Economic power is the power to determine:  What will be produced  How much it will cost  How many people will be employed to produce it  What their wages will be  What the price of the good or service will be, what profits will be made, how these profits will be distributed, and how fast the economy will grow.  Capitalist societies rely heavily on the market mechanism to make these decisions. Behavioral Science & Psychology  General  Focus on output  Specific  Practical  Imply to mental application processes  Input & output  Practical application  Topic domains for the behavior :science in medical teaching 1. Mind body interaction 2. Patient behavior 3. Physician role and behavior 4. Physician patient interaction 5. Social and cultural issues in health care 6. Health policy and economics  Socialism & Medicine Health can not be isolated form its social context. Man and social sciences are concerned in their own special way with human behavior  Social sciences: Definition The scientific study of human society and social relationships. Scientific disciplines of social sciences are economics, political sciences, sociology, social psychology and social anthropology.  :Behavioral sciences Behavioral sciences can be divided into two academic fields: Neural (information sciences). Social (relational sciences). This involves fields like psychology, social neuroscience and cognitive science. Inequality Based on Race, Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Disability Poverty and Powerlessness Crime and Violence Globalization International Conflict SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS  Behavioral & Social Sciences Obviously, however, many subfields of these disciplines cross the boundaries of behavioural and social. For example, political psychology and behavioural economics use behavioural approaches, despite the predominant focus on systemic and institutional factors in the broader fields of political science and economics.