Mitochondria Biology PDF

Themitochondria Mitochondria form dynamic networks Themitochondria have 2 membrane The sub compartments outer membrane so 6 o of Mito lipid 50 protein mito protein 25 kDa inner membrane 20 lipid 80 protein 21 mito potion membrane potential p Innermembrane Space 6 mito protein Matrix mitoproteins_ 67...

Themitochondria Mitochondria form dynamic networks Themitochondria have 2 membrane The sub compartments outer membrane so 6 o of Mito lipid 50 protein mito protein 25 kDa inner membrane 20 lipid 80 protein 21 mito potion membrane potential p Innermembrane Space 6 mito protein Matrix mitoproteins_ 67 Lecture 2 focus on Dr Ives the Mitochondria sa objective slides a Secretion to study inner membrane will form membrane potential 2 3 of proteins in can the matrix betoured Mitochondria carry out multiple tenotion Protein translocationfolding and degradation Mitochondrial Morphologt fusion g fission Metabolite exchange e.g Catt Respiration Apoptosis i oxidative phosphorylation cytochrome c generationof ATP l Pl mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Breakdown of carbs E fatty acids then respiration oxidative phosphorylation ATPsynthesis know Glycolysis look at slides 617 8 le 7 8 Ubiquinone is not a protein The election transfer is coupled to pumbing Ht onto intermembrane space for Hu matrix How are 99 the Mitochondria maintained of Mito proteins and need to be are encoded in the nucleus importedinto mito Mitochondria has its own genetic material Mito DNA is associated with innermembrane on matrix side Mitochondrial DNA looks like Mitochondrial proteins Protein import need a plasmid To beCentolded into mitochondria matrix needs Apoptosis C Programmed Cell Death programmed cell sequence of eventsleading to elimination of cells without releasingharmful substance into surroundingdata Crucial in developing eliminating old Excessive Apoptosis and mountainy health unnecessary can Earnhealthy cells lead to Alzheimers or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Mitochondria can shove Ca stimulant on control rate of oxidative phosphorylation induce Bacterial Origin of Mitochondria Secretion pathway Endosymbiosis ecr h 1 mRNA Nascent protein FR es Golgi ER signalsequence cellsurface secreted Lysosome plasma membrane Signal sequence N terminals in transport of proteins C terminals into ER Only protein with signalsequence will appear in Ea Import of Proteins into ER Role of SRP CSRP Signalrecognitionparlical interactswithbothpolypeptidecharge and bribosome Transport of proteininto ER Lauren Look over of learn the various orientation I assembilius Membrane Proteins Difference in 8 3 and 3 5 D u the lumen ofroughER contain chaperones recognize i band to misfoldedfumbled preteens and corrects them PDI CGlycosylation of Proteins in ER uncontrolled digest protects from Retention in ER Transport to specific organelles KDEL important in retaining proteins in Ek Endocytosis Lowreiemptors gleasthonienfromasted ud.si odadtihyisnoweszf returnsto plasmons membrane LDL dreceptor releases K L I membrane Swb compartments Outer membrane inner vinerubrane of Illhitochondria Ce mitochonephrmaeins Sook lipid 50 protein Diffusionofmolecules eskDa mitochondriaproteins 2of lipid 80 protein 2 i Membrane intermembrane space Matrix Functions contains potential contains of mitochondrialprotein of mitochondria proteon 67intermembrane matrix of cell space III rare mitochondria Protein translocation folding degradation mostproteins in mito are comingroomoutside Mitochondrial morphology Gfussion Efission peplacation transcription rk.lt EtRiVAprocessing translation of matDNA encodedgenes Apoptosis programed celldeath Respiration and oxidativephosphorylation generation ofATP Metabolite exchange e.g Ca24 Lear Glycolysis Pathway Cbreakdownofglucose Citric Acid Cycle Happens in the cytosol producing 2 pyruvate n d yal p net result of 1 complete town 3NADH 1 GTP I FADHz r releases 2 002 Election transport chain fespiratory ChainRX 2 NADH tdomplex I TNAD Oxidative converts occurs in ubiquinone or cytochrome0 phosphorylation App to API the Makin ATP synthase Grabs pntonfrom interfaeggrand ADPepi HIP ATP Summary and NET yeilds of Glycolysis TCA cycles Hycdysis I D Cyd 5 glycolysis produces 2xpyruvate 2 ATP and 2 NADH Pyruvate o acetyl CoA 2 NADH Citrate Cycle occurs twice 1 FAD Hz x 2 2FAD42 3 NADH 42 I GTPGATP x2 Total with 6 NADH 2 GTP ConversionEEactor 2 ATP 21 2 16 NADH HEADH CO NAD f ATP Why is it multipled by2.5 2 GTP 32 Afp is mayi Differences between oxidative phosphorylation Anaerobic glycolysiis Aerobic glycolgis me i 940 Glucose Glucose To Lactate Kirito I AnaerobH glycolysis 1002 pyruvate 2nd pet To 36 8 axis W 02 4 fpyrook pyturate 02 y Proliferative or d con YassL Aerobib glycolysis I ly g 4 Mol ATP of mito proteins from outside 99 Encoded in imported t The mitochondria the come nucleus mitohondhia contains its own genetic information The mitochondria contain its genetic material own endosymbiosis idea that Milo originated from bacterium being absoroed cell by larger Mitochondrial DNA associated with the inner membrane mitfoa on the matrix side 8 Human Mitochondrial 16KIP DNA D Loop is the site where replication 13 protein coding sequence Components of Respiratory complexes i in NN Rs ribosomal RNAs 165 ribosomalRNAs 22 transfer RNAs RIIIardifferastreafinisagethang links to mutations mitochondrial DNA Diseases in w Cancer breast colorectal gastric Cardiovascular C vas ul ar progressive heartfailure Neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimers Parkinson Friedrich's Ataxia Huntington Premature Aging syndrom Diabetes Mellitus Mutations Mitochondrial DNA point mutations in deletions depletion of mtDNA As mitochondrial proteins need a signaling sequence to bring them into the mitochondria so do proteins being imported into the ER. The signal sequence of Import to ER is composed of three types of amino acids Positively charged, negatively charged and hydrophobic amino acids