41 Questions
What is the site where replication takes place in Human Mitochondrial DNA?
D Loop
Which organelle contains its own genetic information?
Mitochondria
What is the main idea behind the endosymbiosis theory regarding mitochondria?
Mitochondria originated from absorbed bacteria
Which type of diseases are linked to mutations in mitochondrial DNA?
Neurodegenerative diseases
Why do mitochondrial proteins require a signaling sequence?
To bring them into the mitochondria
Which cell process can lead to Alzheimer's or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome if excessive?
Apoptosis
What is the function of the signal sequence found at the N terminals of proteins during transport?
Facilitates secretion of proteins
Which organelle is crucial in controlling the rate of oxidative phosphorylation?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of chaperones in the lumen of rough ER?
Recognize misfolded proteins and correct them
Which process involves the return of internalized receptors from endosomes to the plasma membrane?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) release
What is the main function of the intermembrane space in mitochondria?
Contains potential energy
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?
To generate ATP using the electron transport chain
How many ATP molecules are produced directly in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
2 ATP
Which organelle is responsible for programmed cell death (apoptosis)?
Mitochondria
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation?
Coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone)
What is the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose after both glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)?
36 ATP
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
Respiration and ATP synthesis
Where is mitochondrial DNA associated within the mitochondria?
Inner membrane on the matrix side
What is the primary source of energy production in mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the main function of mitochondrial protein import?
Protein translocation and folding
Which part of the mitochondria is responsible for the generation of ATP?
Matrix
What is the role of mitochondria in apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What can excessive apoptosis lead to?
Alzheimer's
Which organelle is responsible for protein transport through the signal sequence at the N terminals?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the role of KDEL in protein retention?
Retention in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which part of the mitochondria contains chaperones to help correct misfolded proteins?
Matrix
What process involves the return of internalized receptors from endosomes to the plasma membrane?
Exocytosis
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
Digestion of cellular waste
Where do most proteins in mitochondria come from?
Cell cytoplasm
Which organelle is responsible for the degradation of most proteins in the mitochondria?
Lysosomes
What is the role of the inner membrane space in mitochondria?
Aids in protein translocation and folding
What is the primary function of mitochondrial protein translocation?
Protein import into mitochondria
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the fusion and fission processes in cells?
Mitochondria
Which process involves the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
Citric Acid Cycle
Why are proteins in the mitochondria imported from the nucleus?
To maintain mitochondrial function
What is the main function of chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Protein folding
What is the primary function of chaperones in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Facilitate protein folding
Which organelle is responsible for programmed cell death?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria
What cellular process can lead to programmed cell death without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding environment?
Apoptosis
Test your knowledge on protein translocation, folding, degradation, and other functions in the mitochondria. This quiz covers topics such as mitochondrial morphology, fusion, fission, replication, transcription, translation, apoptosis, respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP generation, metabolite exchange, glycolysis pathway, and citric acid cycle.
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