Philippine Literary History (Pre-Colonial to 21st Century) PDF

LESSON 2: Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY GEOGRAPHIC LINGUISTIC ETHNIC Belong to or Language form or Pertains to characteristic characteristic o...

LESSON 2: Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY GEOGRAPHIC LINGUISTIC ETHNIC Belong to or Language form or Pertains to characteristic characteristic of language use of a group of people a particular sharing a common region or location culture, religion, language or the like Severino Reyes Severino Reyes ( February 11, 1861-September 15, 1942 ) was a Filipino writer and playwright. He used the pen name Lola Basyang. Reyes wrote 26 Zarzuelas and 22 dramas in his career. He is known as the “ father of Tagalog Plays” and as the “ father of the Tagalog Zaezuela.  What do you know about the different Literary Periods in Philippine Literature? PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  It existed before the Spanish occupation in the 1500s It is oral in nature which contains PRE-SPANISH mostly about the life of the Filipino LITERATURE people in the ancient times The sources of literature are usually the native town folk Forms of Literature in the Pre-colonial Period  a. Riddles it is a statement that contains superficial words that functions figuratively and metaphorically and is usually uttered in a form of question. “Kay lapit na sa mata, di mo pa nakikita”  b. Proverbs/ Mga salawikain a short saying that is widely used to express an obvious truth “Kung ano ang puno siya rin ang bunga.” “Huwag gawin sa iba ang ayaw mong gawin sa iyo.” What do you think is the folk song being pertained to by this picture? a. Oyayi o Hele/Lullabies b. Rawitdawit/Drinking songs c. Kundiman/Love songs-awit ng pag- ibig (e.g. Dandansoy) d. Dung- aw-Songs of death e. Dalit o Himno- Religious songs f. Kumintang - for battles g. Diona - for weddings a. Myth a well- known story which was made up in the past to explain natural events or to justify religious beliefs or customs. b. Legend a traditional story that is popularly regarded as historical but is not proven to be true Deities and Creation Myths Philippine Mythology encompasses a vast pantheon of deities that govern various aspects of nature, fertility, and human existence. among the most revered deities are Bathala, the supreme god who presides over the universe, and Mayari, the goddess of the moon. other deities include Tala (the goddess of the stars), Apolaki (the sun god), and Lakapati (the goddess of fertility and agriculture). Alamat ng Pinya (The Legend of the Pineapple) Once upon a time, there was a woman who lived with her daughter Pina in a tiny hut in the village. They were poor, and the mother worked day and night to make Ang Alamat ng Saging (The Legend of banana) Among her suitors, Juana chose a young man with brawny arms and fingers to be her fiancé. But one of her spurned suitors became envious and made a drastic move — the reason why the banana came about. Ang Alamat ng Kasoy (The Legend of the Cashew Nut) The Legend of the Cashew Nut … Long time ago in a very far away forest there is a small seed inside the cashew fruit who always wonder about the world outside. c. Fable uses animals as characters conveying a moral. d. Epic is a long narrative poem recounting the deeds of a legendary hero.  The Monkey and the Tortoise “Let us divide it, said the tortoise, and plant As told in English and Illustrated by José Rizal each its portion.” Biag ni Lam-ang (lit. 'The Life of Lam-ang') is an epic story of the Ilocano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. As oral literature, the poem is believed to have originated in pre- colonial times, evolving as it is passed on from poet to poet and generation to generation.: 3 The poem's first transcription is sometimes attributed to the blind Ilocano poet-preacher Pedro Bucaneg, SPANISH PERIOD  The start of the Philippines’ more SPANISH colorful history took place in March 6, 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan PERIOD docked on the shores of Homonhon. Forms of Literature in the Spanish Period a. Pasyon it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death of Jesus Christ. b. Senakulo the re-enactment of the Pasyon c. Komedya it usually depicts the battle between the Muslim and the Christians a. Awit these are tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess. b. Korido is along metrical tale that follows the structure of the poem c. Prose Narratives are easy to understand instructional materials that teach Filipinos on properdecorum. a. Graciano Lopez Jaena- Diego Laura Ang Fray Botod, La HijaDel Fraile (The Child of the Friar), and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus). b. Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel Pagibig sajTinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes). c. Jose Rizal- Laong Laan and Di Masalang Noli MeTangere, Mi UltimoAdios, Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.  Bini and Paralitico Bini and Paralitico a. Andres Bonifacio –May Pag-asa Obligations of our Countrymen b. Emilio Jacinto- Di Masilaw Light and Darkness c. Apolinario Mabini= Bini and Paralitico The Rise and Fall of the Philippine Republic  PUBLICATIONS -Spanish Period a. El Heraldo dela Revolucion b. La Independencia c. La Republica Filipina d. La Libertad AMERICAN PERIOD  This era saw significant changes in Philippine society and governance, including the establishment of a THE AMERICAN democratic government, the introduction of English as the medium of instruction, REGIME and the implementation of modern infrastructure and education systems.  ►The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued THE AMERICAN in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for REGIME one’s native tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. Forms of Literature in the American Period  its contents ranged from free writing to societal concerns under the Americans.  was usually used in the American period to degrade the Spanish rule and to immortalize the heroism of the men who fought under the Katipunan.  took up Dr. Jose Rizal’s portrayal of social conditions by colonial repression. Amado V. Hernandez “Mga Ibong Mandaragit” addressed issues of social injustice and exploitation. Manuel Arguilla "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife” depicted rural life and the struggle for identity. PUBLICATIONS -American Period a. Liwayway b. Bannawag c. Komiks JAPANESE PERIOD  The Philippine literature came to a halt. The use of English language was forbidden and the use of Filipino language was JAPANESE mandated under the Japanese rule. LITERATURE Filipino literature was given a break during this period. Many wrote plays, short stories etc. about life in the province. Forms of Literature in the Japanese Period a. Haiku addressed issues of social injustice and exploitation. a. Haiku b. Tanaga like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme. c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)  the field of the short story widened during the Japanese occupation. Many wrote short stories.  the drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. Many of the big movie houses were made to show stage plays. Those were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.  the drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. Many of the big movie houses were made to show stage plays. Those were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.  writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but eventually the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their consciousness.  were composed to glorify the Filipinos and at the same time to figuratively attack the Japanese. THE REPUBLIC (1941-1945) THE REPUBLIC (1941-1945) Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits. THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946 – 1970)  THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946 – 1970) The Americans returned in 1945. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained is freedom and the Filipino flag waved joyously alone. The chains were broken.  THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946 – 1970) Newspapers and magazine publications were re-opened like the Bulaklak, Liwayway, Ilang Ilang and Sinag Tala.Tagalog poetry acquired not only rhyme but substance and meaning. Short stories had better characters and events based on facts and realities and themes were more meaningful. Novels became common but were still read by the people for recreation. PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)  PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972) The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change in the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions and also in literature. PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)  PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980) ►The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience,regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms. PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985) PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985) ►The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.” Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and fellowmen. POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)  POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995) In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of the existence of the real Republic of the Philippines, several changes already became evident.  POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995) ►It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs. The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL. 21st CENTURY PERIOD  new literary works created within the last decade from January 2001 up to the present deals with current themes and reflects 21st century technological culture literature readers are capable of navigating and interpreting digital formats Any questions?