L1 S1-Computer-Systems.pdf

Computer Systems GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Computer Model Addition 101 + 300 401 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Test.docx Printed...

Computer Systems GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Computer Model Addition 101 + 300 401 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Test.docx Printed Papers Print GEE 13 Living in the IT Era IPO Example GEE 13 Living in the IT Era IPO Example GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Computer System Hardware Software Peopleware GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  Hardware Keyboard Monitor Central Processing Unit Mouse Printer Webcam Random Access Memory Speaker HDD SSD Microphone TV Memory Input Output GEE 13 Living in the IT Era ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Control Unit (CU) Register and Cache Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Central Processing Unit GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  CPU PROCESS Main Memory Decode Input Data Output Data Execute GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  STORAGE DEVICES Stores data for the computer to utilize Has three (excluding register) different levels: Cache Storage Speed Size Main/Primary Memory Secondary Storage Devices GEE 13 Living in the IT Era CACHE The fastest yet smallest memory storage Static RAM (S-RAM) Volatile GEE 13 Living in the10IT Era MAIN MEMORY Dynamic RAM (volatile) Has larger size yet slower speed Has different forms, but mainly: Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) Small Outline DIMM (SO-DIMM) GEE 13 Living in the 11 IT Era SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES Largest storage device but slowest speed Can permanently store data in a computer, non-volatile Comes in several types: HDD, SSD, NVMe External Drives (External HDD, Flash Drive) GEE 13 Living in the12IT Era SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES SATA Connection PCIe Bus GEE 13 Living in the 13 IT Era MEMORY HIERARCHY GEE 13 Living in the IT Era MOTHERBOARD Combination of multiple ICs to function Size changes based on computer type GEE 13 Living in the IT Era MOTHERBOARD This is the component that decides which specific hardware components can be inserted and mixed to create a complete computer GEE 13 Living in the IT Era CPU Socket GEE 13 Living in the IT Era RAM Slots GEE 13 Living in the IT Era 24 – Pin ATX Power Connector GEE 13 Living in the IT Era SATA Connectors GEE 13 Living in the IT Era CMOS Battery GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Expansion Card Slots GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Back Panel I/O GEE 13 Living in the IT Era EXPANSION CARDS Hardware components that extend or improve the capabilities of a computer They are optional, but will be very beneficial if integrated to a computer GEE 13 Living in the IT Era GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT An expansion card that enhances the computer’s capability of handling graphics data Mainly used in gaming, image/video editing, AI Programming GEE 13 Living in the IT Era NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS An expansion card that provides the computer the capability to connect to the Internet or to a local network and exchange data with other computers Wireless or Cable connection GEE 13 Living in the IT Era DIFFERENT NICs GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  Visual Graphics Adapter Monitor Digital Visual Interface High-Definition Multimedia Interface GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  Visual Graphics Adapter Monitor Digital Visual Interface Display Port High-Definition Multimedia Interface GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  Output Max Resolution VGA Video & Audio 2560 × 2048 pixels DVI Video only 2560 × 1600 pixels (2.1) HDMI Video & Audio 7680 × 4320 pixels Display Port Video & Audio Same as HDMI 2.1 GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Keyboards Input device used to type in text and other instructions to the computer. AZERTY is mainly used by Germans. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Other Input Devices Mouse Camera GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Other Input Devices Printer Speaker GEE 13 Living in the IT Era COMPUTER SOFTWARE Computer Systems GEE 13 Living in the IT Era SOFTWARE System Utility Software Application Software Software GEE 13 Living in the IT Era SYSTEM SOFTWARE BIOS Unity GEE 13 Living in the IT Era OPERATING SYSTEM GEE 13 Living in the IT Era DUAL BOOTING GEE 13 Living in the IT Era DEVICE DRIVERS What is this?!! Operating System Peripheral Devices How do they communicate? GEE 13 Living in the IT Era DEVICE DRIVERS Device Driver OK DONE! I want to click! Someone wants me to print! GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Operating Systems Usually installed in cars and other objects with REAL TIME OS critical time-constrained functionalities like motion detection, auto-piloting, navigation, etc. An example is old phones where only one SINGLE USER AND SINGLE TASK OS application can be opened at a time. Modern operating systems where one user can SINGLE USER AND MULTITASK OS open as many applications as possible and run tasks all at the same time. Used in businesses where multiple users make use MULTI-USER OS of one computer and work at the same time. Custom operating systems used by servers that SERVER OS serve clients on the Internet. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Operating Systems Used by routers to handle network traffic and NETWORK OS transferring of data to the correct recipient. Operating systems that are run on the browsers or INTERNET / WEB OS online. Designed to run on mobile phones , tablets, and MOBILE OS other mobile devices. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  FIRMWARE How to transfer memory from SSD to Main? What happens when  key is pressed? How to input and output? I have a video from camera. How to decode it?! How to add numbers? What does 00110010 00100000 01100010 01101111 01101110 01110101 01110011 00100000 01110000 01101111 01101001 01101110 01110100 01110011 mean? GEE 13 Living in the IT Era UTILITY SOFTWARE Expansion software designed to provide efficiency to the computer system Has many categories GEE 13 Living in the IT Era UTILITY SOFTWARE SECURITY SOFTWARE Disk Management GEE 13 Living in the IT Era UTILITY SOFTWARE Archival Software Backup utilities GEE 13 Living in the IT Era APPLICATION SOFTWARE Web design with solid fill GEE 13 Living in the IT Era  APPLICATION SOFTWARE Office Productivity Media Players Web Browsers GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Examples SOFTWARE TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE Create, edit, and formatting text Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Word Processor documents. LibreOffice Writer Managing and analyzing Microsoft Excel, Goole Sheets, Spreadsheet numerical data through tables LibreOffice Calc and formulas. Creating and delivering visual Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Presentation presentations with slides. Slides, LibreOffice Impress Navigating and interacting with Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Web Browsers content on the Internet. Edge, Mozilla Firefox Email Clients Managing and sending emails. Microsoft Outlook, Google Mail GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Examples SOFTWARE TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE Creating and editing visual Adobe Photoshop, Canva, Graphics and Design Software content such as images, videos, CorelDRAW and graphics. Playing audio and video files VLC Media Player, Windows Multimedia Players Media Player, iTunes Organizing, managing, and MySQL, Microsoft Access, Oracle Database Management Systems retrieving data stored in Database (DBMS) databases. Managing financial transactions, QuickBooks, Xero, FreshBooks Accounting Software invoicing, and accounting. Planning, tracking, and managing Trello, Microsoft Project Project Management Software projects and tasks. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Examples SOFTWARE TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE Customer Relationship Managing customer interactions, Salesforce, HubSpot CRM Management (CRM) Software sales, and relationships. Communications and Facilitating communication and Slack, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Collaboration Tools collaboration within teams. Google Meet Facilitating educational activities Learning Management System Education Software and enhancing learning (LMS), Educational games experiences. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE It has been said that all software are programmed using a specific programming language. A language system primarily used for developing applications or programming Artificial Intelligence. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Output START Processed Data Process Input Receive END Input GEE 13 Living in the IT Era FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 GEE 13 Living in the IT Era LOGICAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE x is prime x is not divisible by x % 2 != 0 other primes GEE 13 Living in the IT Era LICENSING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE GEE 13 Living in the 56 IT Era Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) Free Software Open-source software GEE 13 Living in the 57 IT Era Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) Free Software Open-source software GEE 13 Living in the IT Era FREE SOFTWARE Linux Operating System GEE 13 Living in the IT Era OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE GEE 13 Living in the IT Era Peopleware Computer users who manipulate the computer and computer programs for their needs. Computer interactions include but not limited to: Office productivity, Internet browsing, programming, etc. GEE 13 Living in the IT Era References Ayunar, G., Bonifacio, K. L., Casildo, N. J., Pasoc, R. I. (2024). Living in the IT Era, 2nd Edition. CMU Printing Press GEE 13 Living in the IT Era