ITECC01_REVIEWER.pdf

LESSON 1: Common Computing Devices Desktop - a computer can be used independently by a single user to run a Information Technology (IT) system powerful software app with many functions - one that processes, stores, and tran...

LESSON 1: Common Computing Devices Desktop - a computer can be used independently by a single user to run a Information Technology (IT) system powerful software app with many functions - one that processes, stores, and transfers - referred to as a workstation information. - represented by binary digits one and zero Speed - determines the basic speed of the producing data computer. System Memory - more of this makes it Computer Hardware and Software: possible to run more applications simultaneously and process large amounts Computer - a system that manipulates data of data more quickly. according to a set of instructions. Capacity - of the main storage drive Hardware - the devices and components determines how much data can be stored on that make up a computer system. the computer when it is switched off. Peripheral Devices - refers to where other Ergonomics - The quality of peripherals parts are connected to the computer. such as the display, mouse, and keyboard - allows information to be entered (input) and make the computer more comfortable to use retrieved (output) Software - where the instructions that a Laptops - A computer that integrates the computer follows come from. display, system components, and Operating System (OS) - a basic software input/output devices within a single, portable environment. Software applications, such case (or chassis). as word processors, spreadsheet programs, Smartphones and Tablets - a device with and payroll programs. roughly the same functionality as a personal The User- creates data files by inputting computer that can be held in one hand. information and selecting commands from Phablet - phone and tablet in one. the interface. Interface - used by the user to control the Internet of Things (IoT) - network of computer system. physical object or “things” embedded with electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity. home automation software - could control the “smart” appliance or device. Hub – heart of Home automation to which other devices connect. - usually controlled using voice recognition systems and smartphone apps. Some Home Automation Categories: Input - The computer receives data entered by the user through peripheral devices. 1. Thermostats—monitor and adjust your Processing- the data is written to memory home or office Heating, Ventilation, and Air and manipulated by the CPU. Conditioning (HVAC) controls from an app Output—the processed data is shown or installed on your phone. played to the user through an output device. 2. Security systems—monitor and control Storage—the data may be written to alarms, locks, lighting, and videophone entry different types of storage devices, such as systems remotely. hard disks or optical discs. 3. IP Cameras - Often used for security, these devices connect to Internet Protocol Desktop and Workstation Computers (IP)-based networks such as the Internet and support directly. Workstation - a type of PC housed in a case 4. Home appliances—check the contents of that can sit on or under a desk. your refrigerator from your smartphone while out shopping or start the washing machine cycle so that it has finished just as you get 1. Workstation, Server, and Mobile back to your house. Device OS - runs a traditional 5. Streaming media—play content stored desktop PC or laptop. on a storage device through any smart 2. Open Source versus Commercial - speaker or TV connected to the home commercial OS - means that the network. user must purchase a license to install and use the OS software on a LESSON 2: USING A WORKSTATION particular device. Open source - means that Ergonomics - is the study of factors the programming code used to affecting the performance of people at work. design the software is freely Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) - is a available. condition that occurs when the same task is 3. Embedded OS - Embedded system carried out repeatedly for a long period, by contrast is a computer or making use of the same muscles appliance designed for a very specific continuously. function. Power-On Self-Test (POST) - a computer ATMs - read a user's debit that performs to check that the main card and personal identification components work and then loads Windows. number. Cellphones - requires Using Desktop and Taskbar Android and IOS to boot the phone. electric vehicles - Desktop - contains several tools to help you Microcontrollers host embedded start and switch between software OSes that handle functions like applications. braking or pressure sensing. - can contain shortcut icons used to open Industrial control systems applications, folders, and files. (ICS) - Sensors are used in industrial Taskbar - is principally used to manage open control systems to measure factory windows (applications and files). conditions and send alerts if they Notification Area- on the right-hand side of become dangerous. the taskbar displays the current time and Traffic lights - Embedded icons for programs that run without a window. OSes enable a traffic light to cycle Icons - are the pictures used in an operating through different signals at system to represent folders, files, and other programmed intervals. system objects. 4. Firmware - It provides all the functions for interacting with the LESSON 3: Using an Operating System device hardware. *2 types: Operating System (OS) - a computer 1. The Basic Input/Output requires this in order to function. System (BIOS) - provides interfaces between the hardware, 2. Unified Extensible application programs, and the user. Firmware Interface (UEFI). Functions of an Operating System : VIRTUALIZATION - multiple operating systems can be 1. Interface Between User and Computer installed and run simultaneously on a 2. Interface Between Applications and single computer. Hardware 3. System Health and Functionality 4. Data Management Types of Operating System 3 components of Virtualization: 6. USER PROGRAMS - This layer is the top layer of the operating system. ALL the 1. Computer applications and user interfaces are at this 2. Hypervisor (or Virtual Machine Monitor layer. Suppose we are using a browser for [VMM]) googling. 3. Guest operating systems (or Virtual Machines [VM]) TYPES OF OS: Microsoft Windows - is the dominant BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM - this commercial workstation OS. system does not interact with the computer Windows 10 - first released in 2015. directly. Apple iOS - iOS is the operating system for MULTI-PROGRAMMING OPERATING Apple's iPhone smartphone and iPad tablet. SYSTEM - this system is basically used for better execution of resources. MULTI-PROCESSING OPERATING URL - Uniform Resource Locator SYSTEM - is a type of Operating System in HTTP - HyperText transfer protocol which more than one CPU is used for the HTTPS - HyperText transfer protocol secure execution of resources. It betters the HTML - HyperText Markup Language throughput of the System. MULTI-TASKING OPERATING SYSTEM - LESSON 4: Managing OS is simply a multiprogramming Operating System with having facility of a Round- OS - is a program that acts as an interface round-robin scheduling Algorithm. It can run between a computer hardware and a user of multiple programs simultaneously. the computer. TIME-SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM - is * Ex: an operating system design that allows Linux multiple users or processes to concurrently Unix share the same system resources. MAC DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM - system is a recent advancement in the world Layers of OS: of computer technology and are being widely accepted all over the world. ( 1. HARDWARE - This Layer is responsible Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn) for the interaction between system hardware NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM - These and external devices such as keyboards, systems run on a server and provide the mouse, scanners, printers, etc. capability to manage data, users, groups, 2. CPU SCHEDULING - When we request a security, applications, and other networking process to the system, this Layer of the functions. ( SystemsUNIX, Linux, Microsoft operating system manages all the requests Windows Server 2008, Server 2003) and puts them into a queue. REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS) - Management Interface is a - used in environments where a large number graphical or command-line tool used of events, mostly external to the computer to perform some aspect of system system, must be accepted and processed in configuration. a short time or within certain deadlines 3. MEMORY MANAGEMENT - ALL the memory management processes related to ROM and RAM are managed by this Layer of the operating system. 4. PROCESS MANAGEMENT - This layer handles work like managing processes. 5. I/O BUFFER - ALL the input or output that we provide to a system using external devices are stored in a buffer that stores the data temporarily.