L1 P2 QS BMS201.pdf

Blood Physiology Quiz 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)? a. They are nucleated cells. b. They are biconcave discs. c. They contain hemoglobin. d. They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 2. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? a. 30 days...

Blood Physiology Quiz 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)? a. They are nucleated cells. b. They are biconcave discs. c. They contain hemoglobin. d. They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 2. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? a. 30 days b. 60 days c. 90 days d. 120 days 3. Where does erythropoiesis primarily occur in adults? a. Liver b. Spleen c. Red bone marrow d. Lymph nodes 4. Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating red blood cell production? a. Insulin b. Growth hormone c. Erythropoietin d. Thyroid hormone 5. What is the primary stimulus for the secretion of erythropoietin? a. High blood pressure b. Low blood sugar c. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) d. Hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels) 6. Which of the following is NOT a function of red blood cells? a. Transport of oxygen b. Transport of carbon dioxide c. Acid-base buffering d. Phagocytosis of bacteria 7. What is the main constituent of red blood cells? a. Myoglobin b. Hemoglobin c. Ferritin d. Transferrin 8. Which mineral is essential for the formation of hemoglobin? a. Calcium b. Magnesium c. Iron d. Potassium 9. Which vitamin is crucial for the final maturation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B12 d. Vitamin D 10. What is the condition called when there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin? a. Polycythemia b. Anemia c. Leukemia d. Thrombocytopenia 11. Which organ is responsible for the majority of erythropoietin production in normal individuals? a. Kidney b. Liver c. Spleen d. Bone marrow 12. What happens to the hemoglobin released from ruptured red blood cells? a. It is excreted in the urine. b. It is converted to bilirubin in the blood. c. It is phagocytozed by macrophages. d. It is recycled back into new red blood cells. 13. Which of the following factors can increase the rate of erythropoiesis? a. High altitude b. Increased oxygen demand c. Blood loss d. All of the above 14. What is the name of the process by which red blood cells are produced? a. Hemolysis b. Hemostasis c. Erythropoiesis d. Leukopoiesis 15. Which of the following is NOT a stage in erythropoiesis? a. Proerythroblast b. Erythroblast c. Normoblast d. Leukoblast 16. What is the approximate percentage of hemoglobin in the total body iron content? a. 10% b. 30% c. 65% d. 90% 17. Where is the majority of iron stored in the body? a. Bone marrow b. Blood plasma c. Liver d. Spleen 18. Which form of iron is absorbed in the small intestine? a. Ferric iron (Fe3+) b. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) c. Ferritin d. Transferrin 19. What is the role of vitamin C in iron metabolism? a. It inhibits iron absorption. b. It is a component of hemoglobin. c. It helps in the absorption of iron by reducing it to ferrous form. d. It is required for the synthesis of transferrin. 20. Which protein binds to iron in the blood plasma for transport? a. Ferritin b. Hemosiderin c. Transferrin d. Ceruloplasmin 21. In which part of the small intestine does the majority of iron absorption occur? a. Upper part (duodenum and jejunum) b. Lower part (ileum) c. Equally throughout the small intestine d. Primarily in the colon 22. What happens to excess iron in the blood? a. It is excreted in the urine. b. It is converted to bilirubin. c. It is deposited in cells, especially in the liver. d. It is used to produce more red blood cells. 23. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting erythropoiesis? a. Tissue oxygenation b. Healthy bone marrow c. Hormones d. Blood glucose levels 24. What is the role of copper in erythropoiesis? a. It is a component of hemoglobin. b. It inhibits iron absorption. c. It acts as a cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis. d. It is required for the production of erythropoietin. 25. Which cells are responsible for phagocytizing old and damaged red blood cells? a. Erythroblasts b. Reticulocytes c. Macrophages d. Lymphocytes 26. What is the name of the iron-storage protein complex? a. Transferrin b. Ferritin c. Hemosiderin d. Myoglobin 27. Which of the following statements about red blood cells is FALSE? a. They lack a nucleus. b. They are biconcave in shape. c. They are produced in the spleen. d. They contain hemoglobin. 28. What is the normal red blood cell count in adult males? a. 4.2 million/cmm b. 4.7 million/cmm c. 5.2 million/cmm d. 5.7 million/cmm 29. Which of the following conditions leads to increased red blood cell production? a. High altitude b. Chronic lung disease c. Heart failure d. All of the above 30. What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells? a. It transports oxygen. b. It binds to carbon dioxide. c. It catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water. d. It helps in the absorption of iron. 31. Which of the following vitamins potentiates the effect of folic acid in red blood cell maturation? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K 32. Which of the following is NOT a site of erythropoiesis during fetal development? a. Yolk sac b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Bone marrow 33. What is the term for the committed stem cells that give rise to red blood cells? a. Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) b. Colony-forming unit - erythrocyte (CFU-E) c. Proerythroblasts d. Normoblasts 34. Which of the following describes the change in red blood cell production sites from infancy to adulthood? a. It shifts from bone marrow to liver and spleen b. It remains solely in the bone marrow c. It shifts from all bones to specific membranous bones d. It shifts from liver and spleen to bone marrow 35. Which of the following is the correct sequence of red blood cell development? a. PHSCs -> Normoblasts -> Erythroblasts -> Reticulocytes -> Mature RBCs b. PHSCs -> Erythroblasts -> Normoblasts -> Reticulocytes -> Mature RBCs c. PHSCs -> CFU-E -> Proerythroblasts -> Erythroblasts -> Normoblasts -> Reticulocytes -> Mature RBCs d. PHSCs -> Reticulocytes -> Erythroblasts -> Normoblasts -> Mature RBCs 36. Which of the following is NOT true about the structure of red blood cells? a. They have a cell membrane b. They contain hemoglobin c. They lack mitochondria d. They have a nucleus 37. What is the function of the biconcave shape of red blood cells? a. It increases their lifespan b. It allows them to carry more oxygen c. It provides a larger surface area for gas exchange d. It makes them more resistant to damage 38. Which of the following is a characteristic of megaloblastic anemia? a. Small red blood cells b. Normal DNA synthesis c. Larger than normal red blood cells (macrocytes) d. Increased red blood cell count 39. Which of the following hormones can stimulate erythropoiesis? a. Thyroid hormones b. Androgens c. Glucocorticoids *d. All of the