KINE 1101 - Course Introduction and Basic Principles of Anatomy & Physiology (PDF)

WELCOME TO KINE 1101! LECTURE ONE Course Introduction and Basic Principles of Anatomy & Physiology © Dr. Nicole M. Ventura, PhD. © All slides are property of Dr Ventura. Instructor Assistant Professor, Teaching Strea...

WELCOME TO KINE 1101! LECTURE ONE Course Introduction and Basic Principles of Anatomy & Physiology © Dr. Nicole M. Ventura, PhD. © All slides are property of Dr Ventura. Instructor Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream generated course materials are protected by law and may not be copied or distributed in any form or in any School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences medium without explicit permission of Dr Ventura and/or 3rd party (published texts) where applicable. Faculty of Health, York University LET ME INTRODUCE MYSELF … COURSE DIRECTOR/INSTRUCTOR: Dr Nicole Ventura, PhD (she/her) A wife and mother! Anatomist and teaching stream academic in School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Research Interests: Health Sciences Education (past research in interprofessional education and cadaveric-based anatomy learning) Completion of Graduate degrees @ TEACHING ASSISTANTS: Involved in the grading of learner assessments Anatomy Professor for 8 years @ Madison Garibotti Dominic Zapata WELCOME TO KINE 1101! THIS COURSE WILL EXPLORE … COURSE FORMAT: BLENDED the structural and functional Lectures: Tuesday lectures will be in relationships of major organ systems person. Thursday lecture times for of the body, from both a human asynchronous online activities or anatomy and physiology perspective; synchronous online lectures via Zoom. considering the cellular level to the entire organ system. Basic scientific principles of physiology, Students are responsible for all posted anatomical terminology, chemistry, material. cellular organization, tissues, genetics, the skeletal system, the muscular We will continue in KINE 1102 in the system, the nervous system. Winter term and explore … common everyday and clinical Cardiovascular system scenarios that relate to health Respiratory system practitioner Digestive and Renal systems Reproductive System Endocrine and Immune Systems COURSE RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES COURSE RESOURCES Course materials posted on eClass Textbook accessible via Day1Digital on eClass (not required) TECHNOLOGIES Zoom (office hours, synchronous lectures) iClicker.- search for Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology I (F24) Primal Pictures (Anatomy TV) Crowdmark – Submission of learning activity assignments COURSE SCHEDULE & LEARNER ASSESSMENTS Formal assessment that will consolidate student knowledge on a topic/system. Short answer, drawing, reflections Breakdown of Learner Assessments % of Assessment Grade Midterm 30 % Learning Activity Assignments 40 % (4 x 10 %) Final Exam 30 % No deferrals for missed assignments! Must complete 2/4 assignments! FORMATS FOR COMMUNICATION Assessment When emailing make sure to: deferrals/accommodations Include your full (preferred) name E-mail Course concerns Formally write your email, starting with Dr. addressing Individual conversations Technical/resource-related Ventura Use an appropriate and concise subject questions line [email protected] Sign with your preferred name! Formats for In Class Discussion Communication or Office Boards Hours Content related Before, during or after questions class Peer-teaching Virtual office hours on opportunity Tuesdays 11:00 am- 12:30 pm (or by appointment) COURSE EXPECTATIONS: I expect that students in this course will …. be professional and respectful to all individuals involved in this course (students, instructors, TAs) actively participate in live synchronous lectures and asynchronous activities regularly check eClass for course updates, content posts, discussion forums take accountability for their role in this course – you are responsible for your own learning! adhere to policies concerning academic integrity (zero tolerance!) Students can expect that Dr Ventura will … provide clear learning objectives and outcomes guide students through course materials and assessments move through material at a reasonable pace facilitate student learning be professional and respectful to all members of this course PLEASE REMEMBER!! © All slides are property of Dr Ventura. Instructor generated course materials are protected by law and may not be copied or distributed in any form or in any medium without explicit permission of Dr Ventura and/or 3rd party (published texts) where applicable. MORE ON ACADEMIC INTEGRITY : Please refer to your course outline for all details concerning academic integrity! Below is a brief summary of things to stay away from: Group messaging tools Homework help sites (ex. Chegg) Contract cheating (third-party completes students academic work) Unauthorized collaboration Plagiarism Content sharing sites (CourseHero, OneClass, StuDocU, etc.) All you need is the NO use of Generative AI permitted in this course! knowledge you’ve gained!! ACCESSIBILITY: It is the student's responsibility to register with Student Accessibility Services (SAS) within the first 2 weeks of class and to book any in-person tests with SAS at least 3 weeks prior to the test date. Requiring accommodation does not relieve students from following course policies. Student Accessibility Services can be accessed here: https://accessibility.students.yorku.ca/. COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS: What material should I know for exams? Will there be questions from the textbook on exams or learning activity assignments? Is the final exam cumulative? Extensions for learning activity assignments? Missed midterm or final exams? I really need an A in the course, will you bump my grade? Can I do an alternative assignment?  BASIC SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY © Dr. Nicole M. Ventura, PhD. © All slides are property of Dr Ventura. Instructor Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream generated course materials are protected by law and may not be copied or distributed in any form or in any School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences medium without explicit permission of Dr Ventura and/or 3rd party (published texts) where applicable. Faculty of Health, York University LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define the terms anatomy and physiology. Define the structural organization of the topics of human anatomy and physiology. Define the principle of complementarity. Identify and discuss the levels of structural organization. List the 11 major organ systems of the human body. Define homeostasis and discuss the 6 components involved in homeostatic control. Define and provide examples of negative and positive feedback mechanisms. THE STUDY OF HUMAN ANATOMY Anatomy = The study of the structure of living things HUMAN The study of the structure of ANATOMY the body and its parts. GROSS MICRO- NEURO- EMBRYOLOGY ANATOMY ANATOMY ANATOMY Regional Systemic Surface Anatomy Anatomy Anatomy THE STUDY OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Physiology = The study of the function of living things Cardiovascular Physiology HUMAN Respiratory Physiology PHYSIOLOGY Digestive & Renal Physiology The study of the function of the body and its parts. Endocrinology Immunology … too many to list! THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY The idea that structure relates to function and function relates to structure. They complement each other! ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY Structure exists to perform Function is determined by a function. structure. Bones – Contain hard solid Bones – Protection of and spongey boney organs, while still allowing components. Long bones for movement and have hollow center. production of blood cells. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION 2. CELLULAR LEVEL Cells are made from molecules. 1. CHEMICAL LEVEL 3. TISSUE LEVEL Atoms combine Tissues consist to form of similar cells molecules 5. SYSTEM LEVEL 4. ORGAN LEVEL The human Organs are made up of organism is made different types of tissues up of multiple organ systems. Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. 6. ORGANISMAL LEVEL Source: Tortora and Derrickson (2014). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons. ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY Eleven Major Organ Systems of the Human Body Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Integumentary system Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system Lymphatic system Endocrine system Systems covered in KINE 1101 Systems covered in KINE 1102 Image source: adapted from https://www.carolina.com/teacher-resources/Interactive/infographic-human-body-systems/tr40003.tr HOMEOSTASIS Ability of the body’s internal environment to remain relatively stable in the face of external variation. The body is always changing, it’s a dynamic state of equilibrium Internal conditions vary (ie. core body temp), but always remain within narrow limits to maintain proper body function Communication in the body is accomplished mainly by the nervous and endocrine systems. 4. CONTROL CENTER Information processed 3. INPUT (brain) Information sent along 5. OUTPUT afferent pathway to control Information sent along efferent center. pathway to effort/target. 2. RECEPTOR 6. RESPONSE Detects change Effector feeds back to reduce the 1. STIMULUS effect of Produces stimulus and changes in returns variable variable to homeostatic level. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANSIMS MECHANSIMS  ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY © Dr. Nicole M. Ventura, PhD. © All slides are property of Dr Ventura. Instructor Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream generated course materials are protected by law and may not be copied or distributed in any form or in any School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences medium without explicit permission of Dr Ventura and/or 3rd party (published texts) where applicable. Faculty of Health, York University LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define and discuss anatomical position Define and discuss the anatomical terms associated with… Structural orientation and location Laterality Identify, define and discuss the the planes and axes of the body Identify, define and discuss the anatomical terms of movement  ANATOMICAL POSITION: This is always the STARTING POINT when discussing the orientation, location or movement of a structure or part of the body. Standing straight up Feet straight – toes pointing forward Arms at sides – palms facing forward Head looking straight (neutral position) Other Body Positions: SUPINE PRONE http://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-muscle-anatomy-49671106.jpg https://www.thoughtco.com/anatomical-position-definitions-illustrations-4175376  DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY: Orientation & Location Midline ANATOMICAL Superior POSITION (Cranial) Proximal Medial Posterior Anterior Lateral (Dorsal) (Ventra) Distal Inferior (Caudal) Proximal Distal Anterior (Ventral) Sagittal View View http://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-muscle-anatomy-49671106.jpg  DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY: Orientation & Location Palmar Surface of the Hand Dorsum of the Foot (Top of the Foot) Plantar surface of the Foot (Sole of the foot) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Human-Hands-Front-Back.jpg Dorsum of the Hand Gilroy, Anatomy: An Essential Texbook, Copyright © 2013 by Thieme  DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY: Terms of Laterality IPSILATERAL (same side) The right hand is ipsilateral to the right foot. CONTRALATERAL (opposite side) The right shoulder is contralateral to the left shoulder. BILATERAL (both sides) Having right and left kidneys … or lungs … or eyes …etc. SKIN SUPERFICIAL vs DEEP closer to away Cross-section of the thigh BONE the skin from the skin http://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-muscle-anatomy-49671106.jpg Gilroy, Atlas of Anatomy, 3rd Ed. Wesker/Voll ©2017 Thieme Medical Publishers Inc. Moore: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins  DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY: Planes of the Body Frontal (Coronal) Plane Sagittal Plane Transverse (Horizontal) Plane Dividing into front & back parts Dividing into right & left parts Dividing into top & bottom parts midline of the body http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/tmpe02640_thumb.png DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY: Body Axes/Axes of Movement Sagittal Axis Frontal Axis Longitudinal (Vertical) Axis Running from the front Running from one Running lengthwise through the body to the back of the body side of the body to the other erse ane nsv ) Pl Tr ntal a rizo (Ho nal) Sa git oro ta l (C e lP n a t lan lan Fro P e http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/tmpe02640_thumb.png  TERMS OF JOINT MOVEMENT Flexion: Movement to decrease the angle between two parts of the body Extension: Movements to increase the angle between two parts of the body Frontal Axis Sagittal Plane Elbow Spine EXTENSION FLEXION (hyperextension) Knee Sagittal Axis http://www.physio- Frontal Plane pedia.com/Cardinal_Planes_and_Axes_of_Movement Gilroy, Anatomy: An Essential Texbook, Copyright © 2013 by Thieme Lateral Flexion  TERMS OF JOINT MOVEMENT Abduction: Movement away from the midline Torso/Trunk Rotation Adduction: Movement toward the midline Medial/Internal Sagittal Axis & Frontal Plane Lateral/External Rotation Combination of flexion/extension, Longitudinal abduction/adduction Axis Circumduction Moore & Agur: Essential Clinical Anatomy, Third Edition. Copyright © 2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins LET’S PRACTISE SOME EXAMPLES OF MOVEMENT! 1. 2. 3. 4.