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UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, WORKPLACE ○ a person becomes an SOCIETY, AND POLITICS employee or worker and learns how to interact within...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, WORKPLACE ○ a person becomes an SOCIETY, AND POLITICS employee or worker and learns how to interact within his/her officemate or LESSON 1 : SOCIALIZATION co-workers to teach him/her on a certain job or task and SOCIALIZATION help each other sociological process that occurs RELIGION through socializing ○ teaches members to be a way on how people understand cheerful giver without social norms, to accept beliefs, and expecting anything in return to be aware of values MASS MEDIA ○ distribution of impersonal TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION ACCORDING information to a wide TO LUMEN LEARNING audience PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION ○ during the earliest life of an LESSON 2 : SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE individual SOCIETY SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION ○ through peer groups SOCIAL GROUPS ADULT SOCIALIZATION Group of people who regularly and ○ process of role-taking consciously interact with each other. ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION PRIMARY GROUP ○ process by which an ○ usually fairly small and is individual learns the culture made up of individuals who of a group with expectation of generally engage joining that group face-to-face in long-term RESOCIALIZATION emotional ways ○ process of declining former ○ expressive function conduct and accepting new SECONDARY GROUP ones as part of changes in ○ task-oriented and one’s life time-limited ○ serve as instrumental SIX AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION function rather than FAMILY expressive – their role is ○ teach child how to use more goal- or task-oriented objects and what he/she than emotional needs to know ○ instrumental function PEER GROUPS - IN-GROUP ○ provide opportunities to ○ group that an individual feels engage in team sports and he/she belongs to, and other leisure activities he/she believes it to be an ○ made up of people who are integral part of who he/she iS similar in age and social OUT-GROUP status and who share ○ a group someone doesn’t interests belong to; oftenly, there may SCHOOL be a feeling of disdain or ○ people are taught to study competition in relation to an Math, reading, Science, and out-group others REFERENCE GROUP  - group which an individual or of a group (2) another group is compared ○ small groups : normally - individuals use as a standard have strong sense of for evaluating themselves connection but usually and their own behavior struggle when it comes to (sociologists) asserting their goals and opinions against larger LEADERSHIP groups Leader ○ coalitions : large groups ○ someone who influences composed of people and other people in the group have emphasis on alignment INSTRUMENTAL LEADER against the other groups ○ focus in group goals, giving orders, and making plans in order to achieve those goals LESSON 3 : STATE AND NON-STATE EXPRESSIVE LEADER ORGANIZATIONS ○ looking to increase harmony and minimize conflict within STATE the group community of persons, more or less numerous, occupying a definite LEADERSHIP STYLE portion of earth’s surface, having its AUTHORITARIAN LEADER own government, through which the ○ lead by giving orders and inhabitants render habitual setting down rules which they obedience free from outside control expect the group to follow government-controlled state DEMOCRATIC LEADER institutions fulfill the wishes of the Ph ○ lead by trying to reach a state: public service and public consensus instead of issuing control orders, they consider all FOUR ELEMENTS viewpoints to try and reach a 1. People decision - human political LAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADER institution ○ extremely permissive, and - without population, mostly leave the group to there can be no state function on its own 2. Territory - definite part of the FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL GROUPS world wherein the ASSOCIATION AND PURPOSE state belong ○ aggregate or crowd : - should be fixed and people who are in the same bounded portion of place at the same time, but the earth’s surface who do not interact or share - within it, natural a sense of identity resources are vital for ○ another non-group is people people to live which who share the same the inhabitants have characteristics but are not the responsibility to related to one another in any conserve and protect way 3. Government SIZE AND FUNCTION OF - body where people, GROUPS through their ○ dyad : smallest possible size representatives, can  express their desire FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE - where laws to be maintains law, order and stability, implemented in the resolves various kinds of disputes country are enhanced through the legal system - LEGISLATIVE : provides common defense create laws looks our for the welfare of the - EXECUTIVE : population in ways that are beyond implementing laws the means of the individual - JUDICIARY : give provide mass education and proper punishment underwrites expensive medical 4. Sovereignty research - kalayaan; supreme operates in the interests of various power especially over dominant groups a body politic - INTERNAL NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS SOVEREIGNTY : institutions which are not owned and may kalayaan controlled by the government gumawa ng batas sa either for profit or non-profit loob ng bansa for personal investments and - EXTERNAL financial assistance SOVEREIGNTY : non-governmental organizations make laws w/o the operating to satisfy may of our interference of other short-term and long-term, small-scall countries. Wala dapat and large-scale, and tangible and pakielam ang ibang intangible demands bansa BANKS ○ financial institution which ORIGINS OF THE STATE deals with deposits and DIVINE RIGHT THEORY advances and other related ○ holds that the state was services created by God for the ○ receives money from those people who want to save in the form ○ ruler was divinely appointed of deposits and it lends agent and he was money to those who need responsible for his actions to CORPORATIONS God alone ○ company or group of people SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY authorized to act as single ○ postulates a state of nature entity and recognized as as the original condition’s such in law mankind and a social ○ early incorporated entities contract were established by charter ○ people have agreed to ○ most jurisdiction now allow established the state to their the creation of new common benefit corporations through THE FORCE THEORY registration ○ use of force in order for ○ by shares or stocks & by people to follow profit ○ emphasizes the origin of the COOPERATIVES State in subornation of the ○ firm owned, controlled, and weak to the strong operated by a group of users for their own benefits  ○each member contributes partnership in equity capital, and shares in education, science, the control of the firm in the and culture to basis of one-member promote a world of one-vote justice, rule of law, ○ ACDI MULTIPURPOSE human rights among COOPERATIVE – largest the others cooperative in the PH UNDP – to eradicate TRADE UNION poverty and reduce ○ organization made up of inequalities and social member at its membership exclusion in the must be made up mainly of developing countries workers UNICEF – provides ○ main purpose is to protect humanitarian and and advance the interest of developmental its members in the workplace assistance and ○ look for the well-being of support to young workers people in developing ○ created to protect the labor and least-developed force of the country countries ○ TRADE UNION CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (TUCO) – biggest not-for-profit organization that is confederation of labor independent from states and federations in the PH international governmental TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY organizations GROUPS usually funded by donations but ○ advocacy and advocacy some avoid formal funding groups represent a wide altogether and run funded range of categories and run primarily by volunteers support several issues SAVE THE CHILDREN ○ seek not merely to influence, ○ world’s leading independent but to change the very terms children’s organization, has and values international been working in the Ph for policy and practice over three decades and is DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES dedicated to helping children ○ most influential groups of GREENPEACE non-state institutions ○ independent global ○ provide development campaigning organization assistance between national that acts to change attitudes and international institutions and behavior, to protect and ○ links that bind different states conserve the environment, together and to promote peace ○ DEVELOPMENT RED CROSS AGENCIES UNDER UNITED ○ premier humanitarian NATIONS (established to organization in the country, rebuild peace after WW2) committed to provide quality UNESCO – life-saving services that promoting peace and protect the life and dignity security through especially of indigent international Filipinos in vulnerable  situations learning comes naturally from daily experience ○ does not require a specific LESSON 4 : EDUCATION educational institution or set of curriculums EDUCATION process of facilitating learning, or the PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES acquisition of knowledge, skills, FOR EDUCATION values, beliefs, and habits Department of Education – primary can take place in formal or informal to secondary settings and any experience that has Commission on Higher Education a formative effect on the way one – tertiary thinks, feels, or acts may be TESDA – technical-vocational considered educational education PEDAGOGY – methodology of teaching INDIVIDUAL ○ development as an individual TYPES OF EDUCATION of a human being Formal Education ○ moral and spiritual, cultural, ○ institutional activity because harmonious, promote the process is done in positive physical, tight schools, colleges, and personality, good citizenship, universities good leadership, emotional ○ follows a hierarchical and mental development structure from SOCIAL primary-secondary-tertiary ○ should be provided with the educatio leading to required assistance to completion of certificates, become a productive and diplomas, and degrees well-adjusted member of the ○ follows a standardized, society, irrespective of the well-defines, and organized socioeconomic status curriculum that conforms to VOCATIONAL the needs of society ○ should prepare the child to ○ teacher-student relationship earn through livelihood so he is confined to the process od can lead a productive life in teaching but not limited to the society supervision and instruction INTELLECTUAL Non-formal Eucation ○ development of intelligence ○ process of learning dervied will enable the child to lead from an organized and an independent life with systematic education activity confidence working either separately or CULTURAL as a special feature of a ○ becomes cultured and formal education institution civilized ○ flexible, diversified in content ○ through development of and method because it aesthetic sense and respect should conform to the needs for others’ culture of the identified group of MORAL learners ○ honesty, loyalty, tolerance, Informal Education justice, self-control, and ○ lifelong process where sincerity promote the social  and moral standards set by socially, aesthetically, the society and spiritually GOOD CITIZENSHIP he/she is recognized ○ enables children to grow as in society productive citizens by ○ helping for adjustability following the social and man tries his best to moral standards set by the adjust to his own society environment Towards the Society EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT ○ social change and control “Education is a fundamental human customs and right and essential for the exercise of traditions preserved all other human rights.” – supported and transmitted by the UDHR under Article 26 though generations Universal Declaration of Human are ever-changing Rights ○ reconstruction of experience ○ everyone has the right to reconstruct education experience and adjust ○ education shall be free, at with the environment least in the elementary and ○ development of social and fundamental stages moral value ○ shall be directed to the full ○ providing opportunity or development of the human equality personality and to the Towards the Nation strengthening of respect for ○ inculcating civic and social human rights and responsibility fundamental freedoms helps to understand ○ parents have a prior right to its right and duties as choose the kind of education citizens of a that shall be given to the democratic country child ○ training for leadership ○ total national development FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION “The function of education is to help the growth of a helpless young animal into a happy, moral, and efficient human being.” – John Dewey Towards the Individual ○ development of inborn potentials ○ modifying behavior ○ all-around development physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual ○ preparing for the future earn their livelihood ○ developing personality whole personality is developed physically, intellectually, morally,