KPE200 Key Definitions PDF

Key Definitions ​ Discourse – systems of knowledge supported by institutions and practice that enable and constrain social possibilities; product of action and interaction; combination of language and practice; produces reality and governs intelligibility ​ White supremacy...

Key Definitions ​ Discourse – systems of knowledge supported by institutions and practice that enable and constrain social possibilities; product of action and interaction; combination of language and practice; produces reality and governs intelligibility ​ White supremacy – points to a situation wherein white people are beneficiaries of historical and contemporary practices of systemic colonialism, racism and racial entitlement; based on containment of people of colour and racial entitlement for white people ​ Settler-colonialism – colonialism is commonly understood as an attempt to control territory or resources (beyond the official boundaries of a state or empire); colonialism shape notions of space and belonging ​ Racialized/racially marginalized – identifies the peculiar intersection of race and class by referring to those social groups or fractions of social groups that are, or traditionally have been deeply excluded from social powers, rights, good, or services in racial terms or on racial grounds ​ Privilege – experience of freedoms, rights, benefits, advantages, access and/or opportunities afforded some people because of their group membership or social context. ​ Eurocentrism – used to explain euro-western epistemologies and western ways of knowing come to dominate out curricula and knowledge system ​ Narratives of innocence - privileging of narratives that assert Canada as a nation created by white settlers, ‘mythologies’ of benevolence and claims that Canada (or institutions like the University of Toronto) are non-racist cultures. ​ Stereotype - A preconceived overgeneralization of a group of people ascribing the same characteristics to all member of the group, regardless of their individual differences based on misconceptions, false generalizations, biased info ​ Cultures of whiteness – white people have been integral to the reproduction of power structures, govern pedagogical practices, and knowledge production in tangible and intangible ways. Whiteness as the norm, it is an ‘unmarked’ category of identity (non-white is othered, when we speak of race it is assumed that we are speaking about non-white people, as if white people do not have a ‘race’); in cultures of whiteness spaces are experienced as places of affirmation, familiarity, and belonging for dominant cultural groups. ​ Cultural Racism – Portrayal of people of colour and different ethnicities in the media, school texts, literature as inherently "inferior", savage, "bad", "primitive". The premise by a host society that devalues and stereotypes minority populations. ​ Systemic racism – ongoing structural and oppressive practices which privilege or exclude based on skin colour as racial difference, which are: ○​ Individual – within interactions between people ○​ Institutional – within institutions and systems of power ○​ Structural or societal – among institutional and across society ​ Systemic discrimination - institutional of discrimination through policies and practices which may appear neutral on the surface by which have exclusionary impact on particular groups, such that various minority groups are discriminated against, intentionally or unintentionally. This occurs in institutions and organizations where policies, practices procedures (e.g., employment systems – job requirements, hiring practices etc.) exclude and/or act as barriers to (racialize) groups. ​ Intersectionality – experience of the interconnected nature of race, class, gender etc. and the way they are embedded within existing systems such that they define how one is valued. ​ Anti-oppression – strategies, theories, and actions that challenge social and historical inequalities/injustices that have become part of our systems and institutions and allow certain groups to dominate over others. ​ Neoliberalism – govern through organizations and regulations of space; it is concerned with the security and proper distribution of space and individuals, and particularly the regulated choices of individual citizens in spaces. Neoliberal ways of governing seek to impose a kind of moral normativity on individuals to shape and guide their choices, within the context of expert discourses, ​ Ontology - is the philosophical study of being/researcher's view of reality. ​ Epistemology - is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge/how the researcher knows reality. ​ Putative Intellectual Project – supposed intellectual project (Synonyms-Apparent/Presumed/Ostensible) ​ Axiological Contingencies - includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value and the value-stance taken by the researchers ​ Empty signifiers ○​ Signifier – a symbol, sound, or image (such as a word) that represents an underlying concept or meaning – ‘tree’ ○​ Signified – the actual tree as imagined in mind ○​ Empty Signifier - An 'empty signifier' is variously defined as a signifier with a vague, highly variable, unspecifiable or non-existent signified. Such signifiers mean different things to different people, they may mean whatever their interpreters want them to mean. ​ Radically contextual – thinking of contexts as multi-layered and multi-faceted, inevitably requiring looking at from many different perspectives, using different temporal and spatial scales. ​ Relational, and always in process - acknowledging the dynamic interconnectedness of human nature and the important role that relationships play in our lives. ​ A (political) history of the (physical cultural) present - a kind of historical writing that approaches the past using the concepts and concerns of the present, using rigorous, theoretically informed alternative based mainly on evidence from archives, texts, and other sources ​ Working the hyphen - creating occasions for researchers and informants to discuss what is, and is not, "happening between," within the negotiated relations of whose story is being told, why, to whom, with what interpretation, and whose story is being shadowed, why, for whom, and with what consequence. ​ Positionalities - refers to where one is located in relation to their various social identities (gender, race, class, ethnicity, ability, geographical location etc.); the combination of these identities and their intersections shape how we understand and engage with the world, including our knowledges, perspectives, values. A positionality statement is a statement that explains your personal and cultural background and how it may impact your research. ​ Contrapuntally – reading in a way that you understand the counterpoint, contrapuntal reading means understanding the intertwined histories and perspectives. ​ Solipsistic - relating to, or characterized by, solipsism or extreme egocentricity, the belief that only your own experiences and existence can be known or are important. ​ Totalitarian - relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state, "a totalitarian regime”. ​ Panegyrize practices - write or deliver a panegyric on (a person, quality, etc.); to speak or write in praise of; to eulogize, to praise highly: extol in public. ​ Habitus - unconscious system of schemes of perception, thought appreciation and action ​ Cultural Capital - cultivated disposition for appropriating knowledge and culture