Knowing Oneself PDF
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This document explains different theories of personality, including social learning, behavioral, and psychodynamic perspectives. It also describes the self-concept, ideal self, and real self, along with factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy. The document touches on humanistic theories, and includes prominent psychologists like Albert Bandura and Carl Rogers.
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KNOWING ONESELF personality - persona: mask worn by theatrical actors - long standing traits and patterns in behavior, thoughts, and feelings - can be influenced by environment, experience, genetics, and more theories personality social learning theory...
KNOWING ONESELF personality - persona: mask worn by theatrical actors - long standing traits and patterns in behavior, thoughts, and feelings - can be influenced by environment, experience, genetics, and more theories personality social learning theory/behavioral perspective - suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn - emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments - personality traits are not inborn - our responses to new situations Albert Bandura - canadian-american psychologist self - union of elements self-esteem - ability to oneself - if low: one is always manipulated by fear self-efficacy - most crucial reflective system - people’s belief that they are capable of performing those behaviors importance: the more we know ourselves, the more fearful we become self-awareness psychodynamic - personality is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives Sigmund Freud - father of psychoanalysis psychodynamic perspective - behaviors are influenced by unconscious processes - childhood behavior plays a significant role in our behavior personality system id - drive or impulses ego - decision-making personality - organize and mediate between the id and superego superego - values and morals level of mental life unconscious - drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness - instincts fears selfish motives preconscious - not conscious but can be conscious either quite readily with same difficulty - memory stored knowledge conscious - thoughts we are aware at all times - thoughts perception dreams - royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind humanistic theories - humanism emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and their external worlds - actualizing tendency: one’s capability to reach his or her highest potential Carl Rogers - american psychologist beliefs: - the person is an active being who lives in the present - inherent goodness of people - human beings are constantly striving for self-actualization or fulfillment - anxiety can arise when one’s needs are denied 3 parts of self-concept self-concept - cognitive structures; used to make sense of the world, focus attention on one’s goals, and protect one’s sense of basic worth ideal self - ideal self: what we want to be - real self: who we really are - incongruence: difference between the ideal and your real self self-image - how you perceive yourself attributes self-esteem - self-judgments - distilled evaluation of the person’s sense of worth and competence in the world unconditional positive regard - complete support and acceptance - In order for a person to grow they need an environment with genuineness, acceptance and empathy conditions of worth - conditions we think we must meet
