Klarc's Unit 6 Notes PDF

A New Century I. WWI a. Imperialism. Because European nations and the U.S. were industrialized, they needed an abundance of resources and people to sell manufactured goods too. So they went to conquer Asia and Africa for their resourceful goods. King Leopold II of...

A New Century I. WWI a. Imperialism. Because European nations and the U.S. were industrialized, they needed an abundance of resources and people to sell manufactured goods too. So they went to conquer Asia and Africa for their resourceful goods. King Leopold II of Belgium forced the people of Congo to make rubber, which makes tires and gears of engines. If the Congolese didn’t make the rubber, the soldiers would cut the workers’ children and wife’s hands and feet. German, however unlike other nations wanted to take the Southwest African lands and repopulate and they committed a whole genocide on that part of Africa. The reason why treatment was so harsh in Africa is because of the belief of Social Darwinson, a theory which basically hailed white people as superior and other races as inferior. b. Pan-Africanism. An idea that all People of African descent should work together to fight for their rights and show people. Pan-Africanism ideology is still powerful to this day, hence “Black Lives Matter”. c. African- Americans Serving in WWI - It starts for African Americans in February i. Black soldiers were segregated. Once in the war, everyone was segregated into all black divisions by white officers. Some white officers and southern politicians didn’t want the black troops to be trained with weapons because they thought they would pose a threat after the war ended. ii. Eugene Jacque Bullard The first black fighter pilot, who worked with the French air force, but despite his distinguished service record, he was rejected to fly for the U.S. Army Air Service because black pilots weren’t welcomed. iii. All Black Combat Units. The Harlem Hellfighters were the most distinguished group and regiment of African American soldiers, they received a lot of medals from the French, whom they were fighting alongside. Henry Johnson, a member of the Harlem Hellfighters went through hell as his friend was wounded and he was injured and he had to fight 30 people with his bare hands, in which he survived. The French awarded him, and yet the U.S. wanted them to stop awarding black people. Today, ironically, it took black president Barack Obama to finally give Henry Johnson, his posthumous medal of honor.  d. Home Front During wartime, black women organized the National Association of Colored Nurses to be accepted as professionals, but they were not called upon until just before the end of the war. They earned high praise from hospital administrators with whom they worked. e. Effect of WWI African American veterans returning home, received a lot of praise from the Black Community, unlike America, itself. However, many black veterans refused to accept these insults quietly, believing they had earned the right for greater freedoms at home. II. Changes in Black Society a. Great Migration - A migration that influenced northern cultures. From 1910 to 1920, around 330,000 black southerners moved north. i. Chicago Defender Played a key role in encouraging blacks to move north. It published articles of the advantages of life in the North. In addition, the years of discrimination, violence, disenfranchisement, and poor harvests pushed southern blacks north. ii. The Crisis An NAACP Magazine that helped African Americans become aware of the brutality that African Americans were going through. The Southern Government response was to tax the recruiters of the South. b. Red Summer of 1919 - Racial tension that grew more severe after WWI, and reached its peak in the summer and fall of 1919 when race riots broke out across the country. i. Causes of Red Summer Whites refused to sell their houses and overall share their land with blacks. Ex. Economic Competition, African American Mentality. ii. Claud Mckay A poet that wrote a poem in reference to iii. Examples of Riots The black boy who just went to the beach, and gets killed for being in the white part of Lake Michigan. c. Black Nationalism and Social Gains i. Black Nationalism A movement, where African Americans celebrate their pride in being Black and in being proud of their culture. ii. Marcus Garvey: He believed in racial separation and believed that African Americans should build their own societies and not let whites build it for them. He also wanted to move all African Americans back to Africa 1. Answer the following questions using the videos attached in our peardeck slides. 1. What was the name of Marcus Garvey’s Shipping Company? The Black Star Line 2. What was the UNIA? Universal Negro Improvement Association was a tool that Marcus Garvey used to build a black economy to relocate everyone back to Africa. 3. How did J. Edgar Hoover affect the Black Nationalism movement? FBI agent Hoover had a strong vendetta against Garvey and his Black Nationalism movement and sought to end their movement and got his spies to take out the movement from the inside, and got them to misbehave on the Black Star Line. 4. Who betrayed Garvey, and how did they do it? The man who was captain of the ship and gained Garvey’s trust, was ultimately the one who betrayed Garvey, having been a spy from J. Edgar Hoover. 5. Describe the personality of Garvey? He was a very committed man to the cause of Black Nationalism and spent time after time working. Many African Americans hailed him as “Negro Moses”. 6. Why does Garvey go to jail? Garvey was arrested for federal mail fraud. 7. What effect did Marcus Garvey’s movement have on African-Americans? The movement had a strong inspirational message of justice for most African Americans, but others felt completely embarrassed by his movement, and didn’t like how big of a scene that Garvey was making for their people to be heard. III. Harlem Renaissance a. Definition - An artistic and literary movement that focuses on African American social and cultural life and activism. b. Writers and Poets i. Langston Hughes: A famous literary poet, essayist, and playwright, who had a central themes of Black Nationalism/Black Pride and hope in every one of his works ii. Zora Neale Hurston A novelist, known for her use of folklore (the use of traditional sayings and culture in literature) in her stories. c. Musicians, Artist, and Performers i. The Jazz Age 1. Louis Armstrong The most famous African American jazz musician, who was originally from New Orleans, Louisiana, but relocated to Harlem, New York. 2. Cotton Club A nightclub located in Harlem, where white patrons would go to listen to jazz music and African American poets perform, but the club didn’t allow African American patrons to wine and dine and overall enjoy the performances. 3. James Weldon Johnson He co-wrote the NAACP’s official anthem, “Lift Every Voice and Sing”, which later becomes the Black National Anthem. ii. Artists 1. Aaron Douglas An artist, who’s main talent was painting, he painted art of Black Pride, and he always made them look like shadows, which symbolizes how black people are the backbone of American society. 2. Lois Mailou Jones A textile designer, who used African prints on American Clothing to incorporate heritage into the design 3. James Van Der Zee A photographer who took pictures of middle to upper class African Americans to show that there are aspirations for African Americans.  4. William H. Johnson. A landscape artist, who focused his art on African American neighborhoods. iii. Theater 1. Vaudeville A variety show that combined acting, music, and comedy into one show (Think of Madea Plays) d. The End of the Harlem Renaissance It ended in 1929 because of the Great Depression.