WWI Review Sheet (2024) PDF

**[REVIEW SHEET FOR UNIT TEST WWI - Scheduled date: Friday October 4^th^, 2024 ]** **What event started World War I?** The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand started the war in 1914. **What does imperialism mean?** Imperialism is when you own more land and get more resources and you then...

**[REVIEW SHEET FOR UNIT TEST WWI - Scheduled date: Friday October 4^th^, 2024 ]** **What event started World War I?** The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand started the war in 1914. **What does imperialism mean?** Imperialism is when you own more land and get more resources and you then get more power. **Which battle in WWI is known as Canada\'s Birth of a Nation?** The battle of Vimy Ridge (1917) was Canada's first time flying solo. **Why did Canada enter the WAR?** They entered on August 5th 1914 because Britain declared war on Germany and Canada automatically is at war because they are part of the British empire. **In 1917, which Canadian city was destroyed by the explosion of the cargo ship Mont Blanc?** Halifax, Nova Scotia **Why did people choose to join the Canadian army?** Men joined the army because they wanted a change of scenery and they wanted a new adventure. **Which battle was a waste of nearly 16,000 Canadian lives?** The battle of Passchendaele (1917) **What services were provided for returning soldiers after WWI?** Job pairing, placement opportunities, and many others. **Name some of the KEY terms of the Treaty of Versailles.** Territorial Changes Military terms Reparations Admission of war guilt **What law gave women and wives of soldiers the right to vote in the Conscription Crisis?** The military voters act/ War measure act **When did WWI Start and End? Exact Dates for CANADA** WW1 started July 28th 1914 - November 11th 1918 but Canada joined August 5th 1914 and ended November 11th 1918. **What agreement was signed to formally end WWI?** Treaty of Versailles **Which of the following is considered a cause of the First World War?** M (Militarism).A (Alliances).I (Imperialism).N (Nationalism) and the spark! **What is the Schlieffen Plan?** The Schlieffen plan was a plan for Germany to quickly defeat France and focus just on Russia (creating a 2-face war). The plan was to go through Belgium (a neutral country) then defeat France and work slowly on russia. They planned war to last only 6 weeks. This plan did fail. British involvement happened and declared war on Germany because they went through a neutral country. While all this was happening Germany\'s troops struggled to maintain the pace of the plan and Russia mobilized more quickly. **Describes life in the trenches for the average WWI soldier.** Life in the trenches were very bad living conditions for the soldiers. The soldiers had to deal with the smells, the constant dead bodies, the rats the size of cats, wet, cold, hard to get in and out so no one would see, trench foot and many more things. The soldiers had to live with the smell of dead rotting bodies, poison, not showering for weeks, cigarette smoke and rum. They were living in knee deep water, freezing cold and had rats that size of cats running around. There were also diseases and trench foot (caused from the wet and cold conditions). **What were the reasons for the US entering the First World War?** Germany\'s submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the main reason for the decision of the United States to join World War I. **Why was the First World War considered the first "total war"?** It is considered the first total war because it took over every aspect of life. **[Define the following terms and state their importance to Canadian history]:** **Imperialism -** owning more land and getting more resources which leads to gaining more power (one of the 4 M.A.I.N long term causes of WW1) **Importance:** Led to competition and conflicts that contributed to the war. **Propaganda -** Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information or rumors for the purpose of furthering a cause or goal (helps spread information to cause a goal) **Importance:** Used to encourage enlistment and maintain public support for the war. **Militarism -** Using a military force to defend or promote a country\'s interest. Protect themselves and their colonies (one of the 4 M.A.I.N causes) **Importance:** Increased tensions among nations and contributed to the war\'s outbreak. **Prohibition -** Illegalized the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages **Importance:** During WWI, it was enacted in some areas, reflecting social changes influenced by the war. **Conscription -** all able bodied men would be required to join the army (as they realized how dangerous the war was, men did not want to join and so they did not have enough men to fight so they came up with conscription). **Importance:** Caused significant division in Canada during WWI, especially regarding French and English Canadians. **Trench Warfare -** Each country would dig long trenches on their side of no mans land and they would shoot guns from these trenches or go and fight on no mans land. These trenches cause trench foot and many diseases. These soldiers also had to live with wet and muddy conditions and rats the size of cats. **Importance:** Characterized much of WWI, leading to high casualties and a stalemate on the Western Front. **Armistice -** An agreement made between each side of the war to stop war at a certain time (like a truce) **Importance:** The Armistice of November 11, 1918, ended the fighting of WWI. **War in the Sea -** Britain and Germany relied on ships to supply them with food, raw materials, medical equipment, and weapons. Germany had submarines (u-boats). To cut off allies supplies, U-boats began to attack ships for britain. Merchant ships gathered at Halifax and traveled in packs to detect and sink U-boats. **Importance:** Submarine warfare and naval blockades played a key role in the conflict. **Balance of power -** A system that aimed to maintain international peace by following any strength of one nation-state. The point of it is to prevent anyone from having more power and becoming too strong. **Importance:** Shifted in Europe leading up to WWI, contributing to alliances and rivalries. **War in the Air -** At the beginning of WW1 Canada did not have any air force. Later in the war Britain started training pilots and about 40% of those pilots were Canadian. Planes were dangerous because they had open cockpits that had little protection and flew low. **Importance:** Introduced new tactics and technologies, changing the nature of combat. **[Analyzing propaganda posters:]** 1\. **What is the main message of the poster?** o The message of the poster is intended to evoke feelings of guilt and shame in men who did not enlist to fight in World War I. It plays on the fear that in the future, their children might ask them what role they played in the war, pressuring men to join the military and contribute to the war effort. 2\. **Who is the target audience?** o The target audience is men of fighting age who had not yet enlisted in the military during World War I. The poster speaks directly to fathers or potential fathers, emphasizing family duty and future legacy. 3\. **What visual elements are used to convey the message?** o The image shows a father seated, looking contemplative as his daughter sits on his lap, looking up at him, while his son plays on the floor with toy soldiers. The text at the bottom reads, \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" emphasizing the emotional pressure of a child\'s innocent question. The scene is set in a peaceful home environment, contrasting with the chaos of war and suggesting that staying behind is less honorable. 4\. **Who created the poster, and for what purpose?** o This is a government propaganda poster created during World War I, likely by the Canadian government or a pro-war organization. Its purpose is to recruit men into the military by appealing to their sense of family responsibility and the fear of future regret or dishonor in the eyes of their children. 5\. **What historical or social context influenced the poster\'s creation?** o This poster was created during World War I, a time when was actively recruiting soldiers for the war effort. At this point, voluntary enlistment was crucial, and there was a strong societal push for men to serve. Propaganda like this played on personal feelings of duty and shame, reflecting the societal pressure on men to join the war and not appear cowardly or unpatriotic. 1\. **What is the main message of the poster?** o The message is to discourage hoarding food during wartime, portraying it as unpatriotic and even illegal. It implies that true patriots will share resources for the greater good and follow the law. 2\. **Who is the target audience?** o The target audience is Canadian citizens during wartime, particularly households that may be tempted to hoard food supplies like flour and sugar, which were rationed for the war effort. 3\. **What visual elements are used to convey the message?** o The image shows a man and a woman with bags of flour and sugar labeled \"Hoarded\" on a table, while a shadow of a soldier is visible through the window. The text \"Are YOU breaking the Law?\" suggests that hoarding food is a legal offense, while \"Patriotic Canadians WILL NOT HOARD FOOD\" appeals to a sense of national duty. The soldier\'s shadow outside the window implies that those who do not support the war effort by hoarding food are betraying the soldiers fighting for the country. 4\. **Who created the poster, and for what purpose?** o This poster was likely created by the Canadian government or a government affiliated organization, such as the Canada Food Board, to promote food rationing during wartime. The purpose is to maintain fair food distribution for soldiers and civilians alike and to foster a sense of collective responsibility. 5\. **What historical or social context influenced the poster\'s creation?** o The poster was created during a period of food rationing in World War I or World War II, when countries like Canada faced food shortages and imposed restrictions to ensure adequate supplies for troops and civilians. The poster reflects the wartime emphasis on national unity, sacrifice, and the shared duty of citizens to support the war effort through everyday actions like conserving food. **[Write a solid paragraph:]** **Theme 1: Canadian Contributions on the Western Front** Canada helped out a lot on the western front but one of their main battles was The battle of Vimy ridge. This battle was the first time Canada fought solo. The Germans were holding the hill of Vimy ridge where they were manufacturing weapons up there and they could have a view of the whole western front. One day Canada decided they were going to practice and go battle the Germans. After practicing the Canadians in April of 1917 went and fought the Germans solo on the top of Vimy Ridge. The Canadians then won and held Vimy Ridge. Another important battle is the battle of Ypres in 1915. This battle was the first time ever using chlorine gas. The Canadians and Germans used chlorine gas on the french. The French were unprepared and did not have masks or anything to protect themselves. The French ended up panicking and feld. This then led to Canada moving and replacing the French. When doing this the soldiers had to urinate on clothes and hold it up to their nose and inhale it to save them from the chlorine gas. They earned respect for Canada. **Theme 2: The Impact of World War I on Canadian Women** There was a big impact of world war 1 on Canadian women especially mothers. Their husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers would go off and fight in war while most of them stayed home not being able to help them or be with them. These women who have families and kids have to take care of them all on their own while their loved one is off fighting at war. Some women do go and become nurses in the war to try and help cure/ treat their loved one but many do stay at home. This really impacts the women because they are constantly worried about their loved one and constantly taking care of their family alone. Many women at home also supported the war by giving up their time to make packages with things like pillows, sheets, socks and scarves to send to soldiers overseas. These are just some of the various impacts that world war one had on Canadian women. **Theme 3: Recruitment and Diversity in the Armed Forces** After Soldiers realized how dangerous the war was, people started to not want to join the war anymore. The prime minister (Robert Borden) was getting concerned because the amount of men joining was not keeping up with the amount of kills. The war kept going on and all of these people saying that they were excited to join the war were suddenly not after seeing all of these things happening. In June of 1917 the government created conscription. Conscription is that all able bodied men would be required to join the army when old enough. Fewer farmers than city families joined the war because farmers were considered essential to produce food. Although this was a new rule there were some rules about who joined the war and who did not. Black, Asians, Indigenous people were all getting rejected from joining to fight. They instead got recruited to dig trenches. Women were also not allowed to fight in the war. The women could aid as nurses but were not able to fight. Those were recruitment and diversity in world war one. **Theme 4: Evaluating Canada\'s Contributions to World War I** Canada did many things in the war and especially on the war front. Their two main battles were the battle of Ypres (1915) where they used chlorine gas for the first time and the battle of Vimy Ridge (1917) where it was Canada's first time fighting solo. As Canada did these great things on the western front there were also times where there were not so great things such as having to make the rule of conscription. Many men were very excited about war and they thought it was going to be fun going to the army and being able to fight but after world war one their minds started to change. These Canadian men then started to realize that maybe fighting in the war wouldn't be so fun and they decided they did not want to join like they hoped at the beginning. Conscription then became a thing and all able bodied men had to join the army. I think that if Canadian men stuck to what they were originally going to do and joined the war then the government would not have had to come up with the rule of conscription. **Theme 5: Technological Development and Trench Warfare** As world war one went on the technology increased. In the war they started to use machine guns, mustard/ chlorine gas, military planes and tanks. I would say that machine guns were the most important in the war. I think this because it was very accurate and the guns could shoot around 600 rounds per minute. The soldiers could aim way better and most likely hit with the guns. I would put mustard/ chlorine gas at second for more importance. I feel like the gas was very useful in the war because when this started to become a thing many countries were not prepared for it. They did not have the proper equipment (masks) to save themselves from dying due to this gas and many died from this. I would put military planes as the third most important. I would put this at third because I think that airplanes could be very helpful with flying above no man\'s landing and seeing everything but at the same time it could be very dangerous because of the open cockpits and how low they flew over other countries\' areas. I would then put tanks last at fourth most important. I would put tanks (introduced in the battle of Somme) last because I think that they were helpful, just not as helpful as other things. The tanks were very loud, slow moving, and were super hot on the inside. On top of these technologies they had trenches in the war. Each side would build a long trench with no man's land in the middle. The soldiers could shoot from the trenches but would usually go out to no man's land and fight but rarely was much land taken by the other side. These trenches would have disease and trench foot, rats, mud, gross water knee deep, and many dead bodies. **Theme 6: Cause and Consequence of World War I** The four long term causes of the war are M.A.I.N. These stand for Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism is using a military force to defend or promote a country\'s interest. To protect themselves and their colonies. The consequences of militarism is that Britain then got the largest navy and Russia had the largest army. There were two alliances: The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy) and The Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia). The alliances form between countries to increase the rivalries. The consequence of alliances is that these two alliances would be fighting each other in war but before the war even started when they created these alliances there was already tension. Imperialism is owning more land and getting more resources (power). The consequences of Imperialism is that Britain, France, Spain and Portugal had the largest empires and this increased the tension between countries in Europe. Nationalism is countries that prized national interests over anything else. It is important to many European countries to show their dominance and have a [strong national identity]. The consequence of nationalism is that this created competition and tension between countries. **Theme 7: Superpowers at the Start of World War I** The two superpowers were the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Italy) and The Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia). These two alliances fought each other in the war. When Canada joined and the US joined the war they both going to Britain side (The Triple Entente). **Theme 8: End of the War. Total WAR.** Total war took over every aspect of life. There are four key features to the total war. Those features are Social, Society, Economic, and Political. Social is support for war effort (women\'s roles and sacrifices). Society is military. Everyone was excited for the war and no matter what it was everyone participated in the war (war measure act). Economics is war production (weapons, military supplies, food and materials needed for war). Politics is that the government controls everything (daily life, rationing food and fuel, propaganda posters). Those are the key features of total war.