Katie Eriksson Theory Of Caritative Caring PDF

COLLEGE OF NURSING NCM 100 LESSON VI KATIE ERIKSSON: “CHARACTER lit y An u a THEORY OF CARITATIVE BUILDING IS #...

COLLEGE OF NURSING NCM 100 LESSON VI KATIE ERIKSSON: “CHARACTER lit y An u a THEORY OF CARITATIVE BUILDING IS # Q NATION BUILDING” CARING d  CREDENTIALS/BACKGROUND KATIE ERIKSSON Ø From 1972 to 1974, she attended the Department of Philosophy at the University of Bergen. Ø Katie Eriksson is one of the pioneers of caring science in the Nordic countries. She has ability from the beginning to design caring science as a discipline, while bringing to life the abstract substance of caring. born on November 18, 1943, in Jakobstad, Finland. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  THEORETICAL SOURCES KATIE ERIKSSON Eriksson’s leading thoughts have been not only to develop the substance of caring, but also to develop caring science as an independent discipline. She wanted to go back to the Greek classics by Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle, from whom she found her inspiration for the development of both the substance and the discipline of caring science. lit y An From her basic idea of caring science as a humanistic science, Qu a she developed a meta-theory that she refers to as “the theory of science for caring science”. # NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS CARITAS Ø Caritas means love and charity. In caritas, eros and agapé are united, and caritas is by nature unconditional love. Caritas, which is the fundamental motive of caring science, also constitutes the motive for all caring. It means that caring is endeavor to mediate faith, hope, and love through tending, playing, and learning. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS CARING COMMUNION Ø It is a form of intimate connection that characterizes caring. Caring communion requires meeting in time and space, an absolute, lasting presence.Caring communion is characterized by intensity and vitality, and by warmth, closeness, rest, respect, honesty, and tolerance. It cannot be taken for granted but pre-supposes a conscious effort to be with the other. Caring communion is seen as the source of strength and meaning in carin lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS THE ACT OF CARING Ø The act of caring contains the caring elements (faith, hope, love, tending, playing, and learning), involves the categories of infinity and eternity, and invites to deep communion. The act of caring is the art of making something very special out of something less special. DIGNITY Ø Dignity constitutes one of the basic concepts of caritative caring ethics. n Human dignity is partly absolute dignity, partly relative dignity. Absolute a lit y A dignity is granted the human being through creation, while relative dignity #Qu is influenced and formed through culture and external contexts. A human being’s absolute dignity involves the right to be confirmed as a unique human being. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS INVITATION Ø Invitation refers to the act that occurs when the carer welcomes the patient to the caring communion. The concept of invitation finds room for a place where the human being is allowed to rest, a place that breathes genuine hospitality, and where the patient’s appeal for charity meets with a response SUFFERING Ø Suffering is an ontological concept described as a human being’s struggle lit y An between good and evil in a state of becoming. Suffering implies in some Qu a sense dying away from something, and through reconciliation, the # wholeness of body, soul, and spirit is re-created, when the human being’s holiness and dignity appear. Suffering is a unique, isolated total d experience and is not synonymous with pain. NCM 100 KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS SUFFERING RELATED TO ILLNESS, TO CARE, AND TO LIFE Ø Suffering related to illness is experienced in connection with illness and treatment. When the patient is exposed to suffering caused by care or absence of caring, the patient experiences suffering related to care, which is always a violation of the patient’s dignity. Not to be taken seriously, not to be welcome, being blamed, and being subjected to the exercise of power are various forms of suffering related to care. In the situation of being lit y An a patient, the entire life of a human being may be experienced as suffering related to life. #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS THE SUFFERING HUMAN BEING Ø The suffering human being is the concept that Eriksson uses to describe the patient. The patient refers to the concept of patiens (Latin), which means “suffering.” The patient is a suffering human being, or a human being who suffers and patiently endures. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS RECONCILIATION Ø Refers to the drama of suffering. Reconciliation implies a change through which a new wholeness is formed of the life the human being has lost in suffering. Ø In reconciliation, the importance of sacrifice emerges. Having achieved reconciliation implies living with an imperfection with regard to oneself and others but seeing a way forward and a meaning in one’s suffering. Reconciliation is a prerequisite of caritas. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS RECONCILIATION Ø Concept that Eriksson uses instead of environment. It characterizes the total caring reality and is based on cultural elements such as traditions, rituals, and basic values. It transmits an inner order of value preferences or ethos. Ø Respect for the human being, dignity and holiness, forms the goal of communion and participation in a caring culture. The origin of the concept of culture is to be found in such dimensions as lit y An reverence, tending, cultivating, and caring; these dimensions are Qu a central to the basic motive of preserving and developing a caring culture. # NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS USE OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Ø Established it in empiricism by systematically employing a hermeneutical and hypothetical deductive approach. In conformity with a human science and hermeneutical way of thinking, Eriksson developed a caring science concept of evidence. Her main argument for this is that the concept of evidence in natural science is too narrow to capture and reach the depth of the complex caring reality. Her concept of evidence is derived from Gadamer’s lit y An concept of truth, which encompasses the true, the beautiful, and the good. #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS Ø Eriksson distinguishes between two kinds of major assumptions: Axioms as fundamental truths in relation to the conception of the world; theses are fundamental statements concerning the general nature of caring science, and their validity is tested through basic research. Axioms and theses jointly constitute the ontology of caring science and therefore also are the foundation of its epistemology. § Caring is something human by nature, a call to serve in love. § lit y An Suffering is an inseparable part of life. Suffering and health are each § other’s prerequisites. #Qu a Health is more than the absence of illness. Health implies wholeness and holiness. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS 1. Ethos confers ultimate meaning on the caring context. 2. The basic motive of caring is the caritas motive. 3. The basic category of caring is suffering. 4. Caring communion forms the context of meaning of caring and derives its origin from the ethos of love, responsibility, 5. and sacrifice, namely, caritative ethics. 6. Health means a movement in becoming, being, and doing while striving for wholeness and holiness, compatible with endurable suffering. lit y An 7. u a Caring implies alleviation of suffering in charity, love, faith, and #Q hope. Natural basic caring is expressed through tending, playing, and learning in a sustained caring relationship, which is asymmetrical by nature. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM NURSING Ø Love and charity, or caritas, as the basic motive of caring, principal idea. the foundation of the caring professions through the ages has been an inclination to help and minister to those suffering. Caring is something natural and original. Ø Eriksson thinks that the substance of caring can be understood only by a search for its origin. This origin is in the origin of the lit y A concept and in the idea of natural caring. The fundamentals of n Qu a natural caring are constituted by the idea of motherliness, which # implies cleansing and nourishing, and spontaneous and unconditional love NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM PERSON Ø The conception of the human being in Eriksson’s theory is based on the axiom that the human being is an entity of body, soul, and spirit. The human being is fundamentally holy, and this axiom is related to the idea of human dignity, which means accepting the human obligation of serving with love and existing for the sake of others. Ø The human being is seen as in constant becoming; he is lit y An Qu a constantly in change. The dual tendency of the human being also # emerges in his effort to be unique, while he simultaneously longs for belonging in a larger communion. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM PERSON Ø The human being is fundamentally dependent on communion; where he can give and receive love, experience faith and hope, and be aware that his existence here and now has meaning. the human being we meet in care is creative and imaginative, has desires and wishes, and is able to experience phenomena; So, a human being only in terms of his needs is insufficient. When the human being is entering the caring context, he becomes a patient lit y An in the original sense of the concept—a suffering human being. #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM HEALTH Ø Defines health as soundness, freshness, and well-being. Implies being whole in body, soul, and spirit. Health means as a pure concept wholeness and holiness. She sees health as both movement and integration. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM HEALTH Ø Health as movement implies a change; a human being is being formed or destroyed, but never completely; health is movement between actual and potential; health is movement in time and space; health as movement is dependent on vital force and on vitality of body, soul, and spirit; the direction of this movement is determined by the human being’s needs and desires; the will to find meaning, life, and love constitutes the source of energy of the lit y An movement; and health as movement strives toward a realization of one’s potential #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  METAPARADIGM ENVIRONMENT Ø Good caring and true knowledge become visible through ethos. Ethos originally refers to home, or to the place where a human being feels at home. It symbolizes a human being’s innermost space, where he appears in his nakedness. Ø Ethos means that we feel called to serve a particular task. This ethos she sees as the core of caring culture. Ethos, which forms lit y An the basic force in caring culture, reflects the prevailing priority of Qu a values through which the basic foundations of ethics and ethical actions appear.. # NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY NURSING EDUCATION Ø Eriksson’s theory has been integrated into the education of nurses at various levels, and her books have been included continuously in the examination requirements in various forms of nursing education has been based entirely on Eriksson’s ideas, and her caritative caring theory forms the core of the development of substance in education and research. lit Ø Development of the caring science–centered curriculum and y An Qu a caring didactics continued in the educational and research # program in caring science didactics. offered as part of continuing education for those who work in clinical practice. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY NURSING EDUCATION Ø Sees caring science not as profession oriented but as a “pure” academic discipline, it has aroused interest among students in other disciplines , that genuine interdisciplinary cooperation is needed between caring science and medicine. Ø Most nursing colleges make good use of her texts, and works form part of the curriculum at a variety of educational levels. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY NURSING PRACTICE Ø Eriksson’s thinking and process model of caring are general, the nursing care process model has proved to be applicable in all contexts of caring, from acute clinical caring and psychiatric care to health-promoting and preventive care. Eriksson’s thinking has been influential in nursing leadership and nursing administration, where the caritative theory of nursing forms the core of the development of nursing leadership at various levels of the nursing organization. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY NURSING PRACTICE Ø That Eriksson’s ideas about caring and her nursing care process model work in practice has been verified by everything from a multiplicity of essays and tests of learning in clinical practice to master’s theses, licentiates’ theses, and doctoral dissertations produced all over the Nordic countries. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY NURSING RESEARCH Ø Countless dissertations based on practical, concrete, and more theoretical issues discuss the relationship between empirical experience in light of her terminology and philosophy. lit y An #Qu a NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING  SUMMARY Ø She has been a guide and visionary who has gone before and “ploughed new furrows” in theory development. Eriksson’s caritas-based theory and her whole caring science thinking have developed over years. Characteristic of her thinking is that while she is working at an abstract level developing concepts and theory, rooted in clinical reality and teaching. Ø The whole caritative theory and the caring that are built up around the it y An theoretical core get their distinctive character and deeper meaning. The l Qu a ultimate goal of caring is to alleviate suffering and serve life and health. # Knowledge formation, which Eriksson sees as a hermeneutic spiral, starts from the thought that ethics precedes ontology. NCM 100 d KATIE ERIKSSON: THEORY OF CARITATIVE CARING #QUALITYANDEXCELLENCE