jhsc107.pdf
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This document appears to be a set of notes or a chapter from a textbook on a scientific subject. It covers topics related to control and coordination in both plants and animals. The notes contain diagrams, questions, and exercises.
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vè;k; 7 fu;a=k.k ,oa leUo; fi Nys vè;k; esa geus lthoksa esa vuqj{k.k (vFkok j[k&j[kko) dk;Z esa layXu tSo izØeksa osQ ckjs esa iwys ij [ksyrs cPps] tqxkyh djrh HkSalµ;s xfr;k¡ o`f¼ osQ dkj.k ugha gksrh gSaA...
vè;k; 7 fu;a=k.k ,oa leUo; fi Nys vè;k; esa geus lthoksa esa vuqj{k.k (vFkok j[k&j[kko) dk;Z esa layXu tSo izØeksa osQ ckjs esa iwys ij [ksyrs cPps] tqxkyh djrh HkSalµ;s xfr;k¡ o`f¼ osQ dkj.k ugha gksrh gSaA fn[kkbZ nsus okyh bu xfr;ksa dks ge thou osQ lkFk D;ksa tksM+rs gSa\ bldk ,d laHkkfor mÙkj ;g gS fd ge xfr;ksa dks tho osQ i;kZoj.k esa vk, ifjorZu dh vuqfØ;k lksprs gSaA fcYyh blfy, nkSM+h gksxh D;ksafd blus ,d pwgk ns[kk FkkA osQoy ;gh ugha] ge xfr dks lthoksa }kjk fd, x, ,d ,sls iz;kl osQ :i esa Hkh lksprs gSa ftlesa muosQ i;kZoj.k esa gq, ifjorZu muosQ fy, ykHkdkjh gksaA lw;Z osQ izdk'k esa ikSèks o`f¼ djrs gSaA cPps >wys ls vkuan izkIr djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA HkSal tqxkyh djrh gS rkfd Hkkstu NksVs VqdM+ksa esa VwV tk, vkSj mldk ikpu HkyhHkk¡fr gks losQA tc rs”k jks'kuh gekjh vk¡[kksa ij iQksdl dh tkrh gsS ;k tc ge fdlh xeZ oLrq dks Nwrs gSa rks gesa ifjorZu dk irk yx tkrk gS vkSj bldh vuqfØ;k esa Lo;a dks cpkus osQ fy, xfr djrs gSa] ,slk izrhr gksrk gSA ;fn ge blosQ ckjs esa vkSj vfèkd fopkj djsa rks ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd i;kZoj.k dh vuqfØ;k osQ izfr ;s xfr;k¡ lkoèkkuh ls fu;af=kr dh tkrh gSaA i;kZoj.k esa izR;sd ifjorZu dh vuqfØ;k ls ,d leqfpr xfr mRiUu gksrh gSA tc ge d{kk esa vius nksLrksa ls ckr djuk pkgrs gSa rks ge ”kksj ls ph[kus dh vis{kk iqQliqQlkrs gSaA Li"V :i ls dksbZ Hkh xfr ml ?kVuk ij fuHkZj djrh gS tks bls iszfjr djrh gSA vr% bl rjg dh fu;af=kr xfr dks i;kZoj.k esa fHkUu ?kVukvksa osQ vfHkKku ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg, tks vuqfØ;k osQ vuq:i xfr djsaA nwljs 'kCnksa eas] lthoksa dks mu ra=kksa dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg, tks fu;a=k.k ,oa leUo; dk dk;Z djrs gSaA cgqdksf'kdh; 126 foKku 2022-23 thoksa esa 'kjhj laxBu osQ lkekU; fl¼kar dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g dg ldrs gSa fd fof'k"VhÑr Ård dk mi;ksx bu fu;a=k.k rFkk leUo; fØ;kdykiksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA 7.1 tarq&raf=kdk ra=k tarqvkas esa ;g fu;a=k.k rFkk leUo; raf=kdk rFkk is'kh Ård }kjk fd;k tkrk gS ftlosQ fo"k; esa ge d{kk 9 esa ius osQ fy, fd lefUor o`f¼ esa gkWeksZu dSls lgk;rk djrs gSa] vkb, oqQN mnkgj.kksa dh ijh{kk djrs gSaA ued osQ iSosQV ij ge lcus ns[kk gS ^vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued* ;k ^vk;ksMhu ls lao£èkrA* gesa vius vkgkj esa vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued ysuk D;ksa vko';d gS\ voVqxazfFk dks Fkk;jkWfDlu gkWeksZu cukus osQ fy, vk;ksMhu vko';d gSA FkkW;jkWfDlu dkcksZgkbMªsV] izksVhu rFkk olk osQ mikip; dk] gekjs 'kjhj esa fu;a=k.k djrk gS rkfd o`f¼ osQ fy, mRÑ"V larqyu miyCèk djk;k tk losQA fu;a=k.k ,oa leUo; 137 2022-23 Fkk;jkWfDlu osQ la'ys"k.k osQ fy, vk;ksMhu vfuok;Z gSA ;fn gekjs vkgkj esa vk;ksMhu dh deh gS rks ;g laHkkouk gS fd ge xkW;Vj ls xzflr gks ldrs gSaA bl chekjh dk ,d y{k.k iwQyh gqbZ xnZu gSA D;k vki bls fp=k 7.7 eas voVqxzafFk dh fLFkfr ls lacafèkr dj ldrs gks\ dHkh&dHkh ge ,sls O;fDr;ksa osQ laioZQ esa vkrs gSa tks cgqr NksVs (ckSus) gksrs gSa ;k cgqr vfèkd yacs gksrs gSaA D;k vkidks dHkh vk'p;Z gqvk gS ;g dSls gksrk gS\ ih;w"k xazfFk ls lzkfor gksus okys gkWeksZu esa ,d o`f¼ gkWeksZu gSA tSlk bldk uke bafxr djrk gS o`f¼ gkWeksZu 'kjhj dh o`f¼ vkSj fodkl dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA ;fn ckY;dky esa bl gkWeksZu dh deh gks tkrh gS rks ;g ckSukiu dk dkj.k curk gSA tc vki ;k vkiosQ nksLrksa dh vk;q 10-12 o"kZ jgh gksxh rks vkius vius vkSj muosQ vanj dbZ ukVdh; varj ns[ks gksaxsA ;s ifjorZu ;kSoukjaHk ls lac¼ gSa D;ksafd uj esa VsLVksLVsjksu rFkk eknk esa ,LVªkstu dk lzko.k gksrk gSA D;k vki vius ifjokj ;k nksLrksa esa fdlh dks tkurs gks ftUgsa MkWDVj us vius vkgkj esa de 'kdZjk ysus dh lykg nh gks D;ksafd os eèkqesg osQ jksxh gSaA mipkj osQ :i esa os balqfyu dk batsD'ku Hkh ys jgs gksaA ;g ,d gkWeksZu gS ftldk mRiknu vXU;k'k; esa gksrk gS vkSj tks #fèkj esa 'kdZjk Lrj dks fu;af=kr djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA ;fn ;g mfpr ek=kk esa lzkfor ugha gksrk gS rks #fèkj esa 'kdZjk Lrj c