Dr. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring PDF

Dr. Jean Watson The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference “Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time.” - Jean Watson, The Caring Moment Dr. Jean Watson at a glance … Dr. Jean Watson at a glance…...

Dr. Jean Watson The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference “Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time.” - Jean Watson, The Caring Moment Dr. Jean Watson at a glance … Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Education * Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s 1958-61 R.N. Diploma in Nursing Lewis-Gale School of Nursing 1962-64 B.S. in Nursing University of Colorado 1964-66 M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing; Minor Psychology University of Colorado 1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical Psychology University of Colorado, 1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling University of Colorado Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Accomplishments Recipient of several awards and honors including: International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia Fulbright Research Award in Sweden Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada) 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award Recognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University Norman Cousins Award in 1999, Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Influences Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts “is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential and phenomenological orientation.” - Fawcett, 1993 This links to earlier nursing theorists, including: Nightingale, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring: Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers  “The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.” - Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring … Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Watson’s Concern To make known: Inner healing process Experiencing the person Three major elements of her theory: Ten Carative Factors The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment Transpersonal Caring Dr. Jean Watson’s theory 7 Assumptions about Caring 1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. 2. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs. 3. Effective caring promotes health and individual and family growth 4. Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may become 5. A caring environment offers the development of potential 6. Caring is more “ healthogenic” than is curing. 7. The practice of caring is central to nursing Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Carative Factors Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention. Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional Dr. Jean Watson’s theory The Ten Carative Factors: 1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic value system 2. Instillation of faith-hope 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to self and others 4. Development of helping-trust relationship 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of feelings Dr. Jean Watson’s theory 6. Systematic use of problem-solving method for decision making 7. Promotion of interpersonal teaching- learning 8. Provision for supportive, protective and corrective environment 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs 10.Allowance for existential- phenomenological forces  Caring Occasion/Caring Moment “The moment (focal point in space and time) when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created” (Watson, 1988b, 1999). Both persons come together in a human-human transaction Both the nurse and one being cared for can be influenced by the caring moment  Transpersonal Caring Relationship  A special kind of human care that depends on:  The nurse’s moral commitment in protecting and enhancing human dignity as well as the deeper self  The nurse’s caring consciousness communicated to preserve and honor the embodied spirit, therefore not reducing the person to a moral status of an object  The nurse’s connection and having the potential to heal since experience, perception, and intentional connection are taking place Transpersonal Caring Relationship  Describes how the nurse goes beyond the objective assessment to show concern toward the person’s subjective/deeper meaning of their healthcare situation.  Involves mutuality between the two individuals involved  Goal of transpersonal caring relationship protects, enhances, and preserves human dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony  The Four Metaparadigms Concepts: Person, Health, Environment and Nursing Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Human being Human being, person, life, personhood and self Human being refers to “…. a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. He, human is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts”. “a unity of mind/body/spirit/nature” Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Health Watson adds the following elements to WHO definition of health: – A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning – The absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence) “Unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul” Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Environment/society According to Watson, caring (and nursing) has existed in every society. A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation. It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment. “healing spaces can be used to help others transcend illness, pain and suffering.” Environment and person are connected – “when the person enters the patient’s room, a magnetic field of expectation is created” Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Nursing “Nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”. It focuses on health promotion and treatment of disease. She believes that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing. She defines nursing as… “a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”. Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Watson views nursing as both a human science and an art activity. The context of human science for nursing is derived from: a philosophy of human freedom, choice and responsibility a biology and psychology of holism (non-reducible persons interconnected with other and nature) an epistemology that allows not only for empirics, but for advancement of aesthetics, ethical values, intuition and process discovery an ontology of time and space a context of interhuman events, processes and relationships a scientific world view that is open without curing Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Clinical Application of Watson’s ‘Theory Of Human Caring Providing an Authentic caring relationship Practice of loving kindness Creative use of self Engaging in genuine teaching learning experience Going beyond self, open to others Being present to support positive and negative feelings Soul care for the one being cared for Assist with basic needs