Neonatal Jaundice Classification & Etiology PDF

**Classification** **Etiology** Maximize tableTable Quiz +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Overview of | | | | | mechanisms of | | | | | neonatal...

**Classification** **Etiology** Maximize tableTable Quiz +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Overview of | | | | | mechanisms of | | | | | neonatal | | | | | jaundice ^\[1\] | | | | | \[2\]^** | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Type | **Mechanism** | **Etiology** | | | of [[hyperbilir | | | | | ubinemia]{.unde | | | | | rline}](https:/ | | | | | /next.amboss.co | | | | | m/us/article/jS | | | | | 0_z2#Ilo4OGY1YW | | | | | U5OTA4NmFjNDRiZ | | | | | Dc4Zjc1Yjc3NGFl | | | | | NTQ3YSI=)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Pathological | - | - | - - - - | | unconjugated | | | - - - | | hyperbilirubine | | | | | mia** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | - | - | - - - - | | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | - | - - - - | | | | | - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Pathological | - | - | - | | conjugated | | | | | hyperbilirubine | | | | | mia** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | - | - - - - | | | | | - - - - | | | | | - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | - | | - - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Mixed | - | - | - - | | hyperbilirubine | | | | | mia** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Notes Feedback **Pathophysiology** **[[Physiological neonatal jaundice]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#IlphMTAyZDU0ZWM1NTRiMTUwMjg2ZmJlM2Y1MmMxNzcxYSI=) ^\[5\]^** - - - - **[[Pathological neonatal jaundice]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#IlphMjEyMzUyODlkYTkyM2I1ODcxODgyNTY3MmFkOGNlZSI=) ^\[5\]^** - - - - - - Notes Feedback **Subtypes and variants** **Breastfeeding jaundice  ^\[5\]^** - - - - **Breast milk jaundice ^\[5\]^** - - - - - - - - Notes Feedback **Clinical features** - - - - - - - A baby lying on a blanket Description automatically generated**Neonatal jaundice** Notes Feedback **Diagnosis** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [[Physiological neonatal jaundice]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#IlphMTAyZDU0ZWM1NTRiMTUwMjg2ZmJlM2Y1MmMxNzcxYSI=) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Laboratory tests should first rule out all pathological causes of neonatal jaundice. [[Jaundice]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/jS0_z2#Ilo1ZjQ5ZDkyZjUyZDcwMmE5YmVlOWIyNTM4YWQ3YjQ1NCI=) in a term [[newborn]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/a40Q3T#IlplNzkzM2U5NGNiZGMyMGRmMTc2NmYzYTRlNmEzMDJjMSI=) less than 24 hours old is always pathologic. Bhutani nomogram Notes Feedback **Treatment** **Phototherapy ^\[2\]\[7\]\[9\]^** [[Phototherapy]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#Ilo1M2IxYmU3MDM5YTk2N2Y4MjUyYzk3NjE0YWM4OWM2MyI=) is the primary treatment in [[neonates]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/a40Q3T#Ilo2ZjBmYTUxZWI4MWE3ZDAzYWExNzllYWI4MmFhY2FiOCI=) with [[unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/jS0_z2#IlpjMjNhMzM5NWJkN2JlNGFiZjdiZWJmYTU0ZDg2NTNlYSI=). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [[Newborns]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/a40Q3T#Ilo2ZjBmYTUxZWI4MWE3ZDAzYWExNzllYWI4MmFhY2FiOCI=) with TSB levels below the [[phototherapy]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#Ilo1M2IxYmU3MDM5YTk2N2Y4MjUyYzk3NjE0YWM4OWM2MyI=) threshold usually do not require treatment. ^\[11\]^ A graph with different colored lines Description automatically generatedBhutani nomogramNeonatal phototherapy **Exchange transfusion** Most rapid method for lowering serum [[bilirubin]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/Ln0wFg#IlowN2E4YTRmNGE4NTAyNDViZjc0MmI2YTk4MTIxYjNlMCI=) concentrations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **IV immunoglobulin** - - Notes Feedback **Complications** **Acute bilirubin encephalopathy** - - - - - **Kernicterus ([[chronic bilirubin encephalopathy]](https://next.amboss.com/us/article/R40lQT#Ilo3MTNkYjZlZjMwOGMwZWY4Zjg5NDUwMjYxYzQ1MmQyMiI=)) ** - - - - - - -