Fall24 Earth Science Unit 4 Sustainability & Human Impact PDF

Fall24 Earth Science Unit 4 Sustainability & Human Impact Stds EEn 2.1.1, 2.1.3, 2.2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7.3 Presentation Link (slides subject to change this week) Vocab terms 27x- 1) water distribution on Earth, 2) water properties (solvent, BP, FP, FW/SW, gas solubility, cohesion(surface tension), adh...

Fall24 Earth Science Unit 4 Sustainability & Human Impact Stds EEn 2.1.1, 2.1.3, 2.2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7.3 Presentation Link (slides subject to change this week) Vocab terms 27x- 1) water distribution on Earth, 2) water properties (solvent, BP, FP, FW/SW, gas solubility, cohesion(surface tension), adhesion, specific heat, conductivity),3) river solids vs saltwater composition, 4) eutrophication (nitrates &, phosphates), 5) nitrogen cycle, 6) riparian buffer, 7) benefits of wetlands, 8) coastal dead zones, 9) stormwater runoff(impervious surface and how to reduce), 10) urbanization, 11) coastal erosion mitigation, 12) beach renourishment vs hard stabilization along beaches, 13) EPA future rainfall trends, 14) land use changes and impacts, 15) sustainable fishing, 16) 7 types of plastic, 17) Cape Fear River Watershed & Issues, 18) watersheds, 19) NC river basins, 20) groundwater(aquifer) vs surface water, 21) saltwater intrusion, 22) land subsidence, 23) sustainable vs traditional agriculture, 24) nonrenewable vs renewable energy sources, 25) ghost nets, 26) pros/cons of biodegradable products, 27) Landsat observations(Basics/Use) 270 pts total Required for All- Funky Junk Story/Contest (40pts) Activity Options- Guided Notes Questions (30pts), Vocab Card Definitions (30pts), Select 1 Lab(30pts), 1 Hands on activity(20pts), 2 Online Activities(40pts), 3 Research Summaries (out of 9)(20pts), 1 Persuasive Work (30pts) and 1 Human Impact Team Topic Presentation(30pts). Due Thur Oct 17th-Homework Grade (turned in together)- 2 Online, 3 Summaries, 1 Persuasive, Human Impact Team Presentation (120 pts) Due Tue Oct 22nd-Project Grade (turned in together)- Funky Junk (Story w/graph, problem identified, SAT Words, Picture of Entry and Quality Reflection w/Pledge), Notes, Vocab, Lab, Hands-On (150 pts) Labs- Penny Surface Tension OR Boat Lab Competition OR Great Plankton Race Lab Hands On Activities-Nitrogen Cycle Journey OR NC River Basins Booklet, Online Activities- Groundwater Webquest, Water Quality Scenarios, Sustainable Fishing Simulation, Overfishing/Aquaculture, Town Land Use Assignment, NC Energy Resources Interactivity Research Summaries- Select 3 of 9 Water/Shoreline Articles Persuasive Work-Land Use Persuasive Letter OR Mitigating Human Impact on Water Argument Human Impact Team Presentation w/ Engineering/Advocacy PSA Solutions Human Impact Topics- 1) US Agriculture (Traditional/Sustainable, Importance & Impact), 2) US Urbanization (Impact & Solutions), 3) US Changing Water Quality (Impacts & Solutions), 4) Global Fate of Natural Fish Stocks (past and future), 5) Projections For Energy Sources in the Future(Special Focus on Solar, Wind, Tidal etc), 6) Plastic Revolution (Pros/Cons of Biodegradable Products), 7) Impacts of Changing Shorelines(Special Focus on OBX Real Estate), 8) Cape Fear River (Beauty, Uses & Issues), 9) Reliance of Nonrenewable Energy Sources(+Oil Spills), 10) Hurricane Helene & Western NC Overview(Why? How to Rebuild? Where?), 11) Importance of Longline Fishing(Ghost Nets), 12) Where Should We Move to Be Most Sustainable & Why? (Present 3 locations), 13) Wetlands (Benefits, Challenges & Solutions) Presentation- Landsat Images if applicable, graphs with important data showing trends, showcase an overview, identify some issues and then present possible solutions (challenges, costs, benefits, drawbacks). Use at least 3 sources with works cited on the last slide. Essential Questions/Themes- you will answer these questions this week in blue. 1) How is water distributed on Earth? 97% saltwater, 3% freshwater (most in ice caps and glaciers).What are the basic properties of water?Polar molecule, cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat. SW vs FW? Temp? Solubility of solids and gases, BP & FP, Surface Tension Penny ActivitySaltwater has more dissolved salts, higher density, lower freezing point.High, lets water "pile up" on a penny. 2) How have we changed the water quality on the planet? Pollution (PO4, NO3), turbidity, dead zones; HABs are worsened by human pollution.Pollution, PO4, NO3, turbidity, coastal dead zones, How are HABs related to humans? Harmful algal blooms; toxins increase due to nutrient runoff (fertilizers). HAB types and NC reports, Great Plankton Race 3) How have we changed the landscape on Earth? Agriculture, urbanization, deforestation, dams. agriculture, housing, energy, roads, NASA analysis, deforestation, hydro dams, How have we changed the animal count on the planet?Overfishing, habitat loss, agriculture overtaking ecosystems. Overfishing, Fishing Simulation, agriculture over ecosystems,How do our energy sources impact the planet? Fossil fuels, dams, environmental degradation. Three Mile Gorges Dam, Energy Sources Web quest 4) How is the landscape changing naturally? Volcanoes, flooding, earthquakes, glaciers, etc, Volcanoes, flooding, earthquakes, glaciers. 5) Why are plastic products so universal? How do we make plastics? How are they different? 7 types of plastics? Made from petrochemicals, 7 types; cheap but polluting. Glass return possibleBenefits and Downsides, POP, Funky Junk, Ghost Nets. Can we return to glass containers? Yes but the long term money losses would take many years to gain back. 6) What are the issues with the Cape Fear River water quality? Where do we get our drinking water from? Gen X and PFAs PFAs ( GenX) contamination. 7) What can we do to live more sustainably with nature? Diet change? Would less meat help? How can we use less freshwater? Or clean the water better? Eat less meat, conserve water, improve water treatment. Vocab- Water Properties- polarity, solute, solvent, solution, pH scale, water cycle, salinity (ppt), DO (ppm), gas solubility, cohesion, adhesion, specific heat, temperature, surface tension, river solids composition, conductivity, BP & FP of FW vs SW Vocab- Changing Water Quality- eutrophication (nitrates &, phosphates), water sedimentation sources, riparian buffer, benefits of wetlands, algal blooms, coastal dead zones, stormwater runoff, impervious surface, urbanization, turbidity, methods to reduce impervious surface, coastal erosion mitigation, beach renourishment, hard stabilization along beaches, ocean acidification, EPA future rainfall trends, land use changes Vocab- Freshwater Systems- watersheds, river basins, aquifers, groundwater vs surface water, saltwater intrusion, land subsidence Guided Questions google doc slide details Slide 1. How can we really conserve a lot of water? 2) Define Polarity-, Polar molecule due to the asymmetric shapes. Temperature FW vs SW- SW freezes at a lower temp (2C) than FW and boils at a higher temp (102C) 4C is the highest density that fresh water can get. BP & FP -Cohesion-Adhesion (capillary action) Cohesion is water attracted to water. Adhesion is water attracted to other things. High Specific Heat - what attracts heat to other things. High Heat of Vaporization- Less Dense as a Solid- high to lowest density - water, solid, gas 3) Universal Solvent Examples- 4) Surface tension and capillary action 5) Ice lattice- 6-7) The higher the salt content, the more __dense___ the water 8) 9) Water temps affect 1-4 water density, gas solubility (ex - DO), solid solubility, and fish growth rates. 10) DO levels 11) DO/Temp trend 12) Algal bloom to fish kill sequence Dog poop to increase alge to decreased in DO to fish kills 13-14) DO Hood Canal Study heat increases DO decreases. A bunch of people tourists and make a stanic area. 15) Solubility Chart Carbon and oxygen are more soluble 16) pH of pure rain, freshwater, brackish, saltwater 5 ½, neutral, 8.5, 17) pH is affected by- algae blooms, bacterial activity, water turbulence, chemicals flowing into a river body, sewage overflow, and pollution. 18) most sensitive- clam and snails least sensitive- frogs 19-22) nitrates, sources, issues- Nitrates is a natural form of nitrogen that plants eat (the only type) and then animals ingest phosphates. 23) phosphates- Phosphates come from rocks and then plants absorbed them and then animals eat the plants. 24) Hypoxia- 25-31) Secchi Disk and Turbidity- Organisms are strongly affected by turbidity by decades of diseases of organisms, reduced photolysis and prevent proper egg and larvae growth. 32) Options- reduce fertilizes, wetland restoration, reduce emissions, reduce soil erosion. 33-40) Ashley HS Recycling Program- 41-50) Funky Junk Contest Biotic Index if water quality scenarios link does not work- http://www.connectedtoscience.org/Biotic_Index/index.html Research Articles/Websites for Unit 4 #1- NC Water Fact Sheet- https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-north-carolina-state-fact-sheet.pdf #2- Wilmington Stormwater Services- https://www.wilmingtonnc.gov/departments/public-services/stormwater #3- NC Fish Kill & Algal Bloom Report- https://ncdenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/7543be4dc8194e6e9c215079d976e716 #4- Mason’s Inlet moved in 2002- http://people.uncw.edu/hillj/classes/EVS360/VERP/Mason_Inlet_Project_Summary.pdf #5- Dredging Carolina Beach Inlet in 2019- https://portcitydaily.com/local-news/2019/03/30/new-hanover-county-to-begin-dredging-carolina-beach-inlet-aft er-coast-guard-calls-waters-unsafe/ https://coastalreview.org/2022/03/federal-dollars-now-available-for-north-carolina-waterways/ #6- Shifting Shorelines of NC- https://ncseagrant.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Shifting-Shorelines.pdf #7- NC Ban on Hard Structures along coast- https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/coastal-erosion-and-ban-hard https://coastalreview.org/2019/03/analysis-support-for-terminal-groins-erodes/ #8- NC Groundwater Data- https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nc/nwis/gw https://waterwatch.usgs.gov/wqwatch/map?state=nc&pcode=00010 #9- Bald Head Island Terminal Groin- https://coastalreview.org/2019/03/analysis-support-for-terminal-groins-erodes/ Review Questions 1) What are 6 important water properties? High specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, solvent ability, surface tension, density anomaly (ice floats). 2) How are river basins linked to watersheds and groundwater? River basins collect water from watersheds; groundwater replenishes rivers. 3) What is stormwater runoff and how can it be reduced in Wilmington? Water from rain flows over surfaces; reduced by permeable pavements and green infrastructure in Wilmington. 4) How does water temperature affect oxygen solubility? How do fish kills occur? Cooler water holds more oxygen; fish kills happen when warm water reduces oxygen. 5) What is a riparian buffer and why is it important along a pond, river or stream? Vegetated areas near water bodies that filter runoff and prevent erosion. 6) Where are nitrates and phosphates found naturally? Anthropogenically? Naturally from soil and decaying matter; anthropogenically from fertilizers and wastewater. 7) Tell me about the location and details of an algal bloom report from reading #3. In NC, blooms are common due to nutrient pollution, leading to fish kills and ecosystem damage. 8) What causes high sedimentation rates? What are its effects? Caused by erosion from land development; reduces water quality, affects aquatic life. 9) What is happening to the chemical composition of seawater as the ocean acidifies? Why is that a problem? Increased CO2 lowers pH, dissolving calcium carbonate, harming marine organisms like corals and shellfish. 10) Why are oysters keystone species? What are 3 of their benefits to the ecosystem? Filter water, create habitats, and stabilize shorelines 11) What are FW and coastal dead zones? What are their causes? Less evaporation and infiltration; more runoff and less groundwater recharge in cities. 12) Explain how the water cycle changes when a forest is cut down and a city constructed. 13) What are the soft and hard stabilization techniques to mitigate coastal erosion? Soft techniques include beach nourishment and planting vegetation; hard methods are seawalls and groins. 14) What are the impacts of over pumping freshwater along the coast? Leads to saltwater intrusion, degrading freshwater sources. 15) What is a terminal groin and why did they build one on Bald Head Island? A structure built on Bald Head Island to prevent sand erosion and stabilize the shoreline.