Weather & Climate Guided Notes 8/29/24 PDF

Weather & Climate Guided Notes 8/29/24 (Make a copy and answer details in blue) Presentation Link- https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hO49CExDt4CfG-Fngph3e5qmB-eGSqSAIXBx32H260A/edit?usp=sh aring 1. What are the percentages of molecules in our air today? What is the pattern between temp an...

Weather & Climate Guided Notes 8/29/24 (Make a copy and answer details in blue) Presentation Link- https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hO49CExDt4CfG-Fngph3e5qmB-eGSqSAIXBx32H260A/edit?usp=sh aring 1. What are the percentages of molecules in our air today? What is the pattern between temp and CO2 concentration in ppm? What is the current CO2 level? 2. Atmosphere layers (surface to space). How does the pressure change as you ascend? How and why does the temperature change as you ascend? Because there is more pressure in the air What are the 3 types of heat transfer? Convection, conduction, radiation What energy waves make it to the surface? Radio, ultra-violet, and IR What waves are absorbed by the atmosphere? Microwave, gamma, x-ray a. Troposphere less air pressure as you ascend b. Stratosphere absorb more radiation as you ascend c. Mesosphere less air pressure as you ascend d. Thermosphere absorb more radiation as you ascend 3. What is relative humidity? The amount of water vapor present in the air is expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temp. 4. Explain the RH and Temp trend over a typical 24 hour time block 5. Using the specific humidity chart, make up a RH% problem and solve it. Trade with another to fact check RH% - 50% TEMP - -31% = 0.1g/kg 6. What are the 4 major cloud types and basic characteristics and elevations? Cirrus, cumulonimbus and cumulus and stratus. What is an air mass? List the different types, sources, and conditions a. mP maritime polar - air comes from cool ocean water - more moisture and cooler b. mT maritime tropical - comes from warm ocean water - warm wet air c. cP - continental - polar- comes for inland cooler - dryer and cooler d. cT - continental tropical - comes from inland warmer - dryer and warmer 7. What are the major differences between frontal boundaries? Cold(short boundary that creates thunderstorms) is a bulldozer and warm ( long frontal boundary and hight coluds/drizzles of rain.) is is moving because the cold front in pushing it up 8. What is an isotherm?What is an isobar? Isotherm - a line of = temp. 9. What are the characteristics of a low pressure area? Moist warm air rises and cools down. Air comes into system at the ground and goes up and out. Makes clouds. Wind will travel to high to low pressure. 10. What are the characteristics of a high pressure area? Dry and cold air declines and warms up. Air goes out the system on ground and goes up and in. Wind will travel to high to low pressure. Makes dry and warm weather. 11. What causes wind and how can you predict the direction and speed? Wind can be predicted by the number of differences in area. 12. Name 5 details you have learned about hurricanes (rotation, categories, preparation tips, formation criteria, etc) After category 3 you’ll have sifnicent damge. You need ocean water over 80 degrees fahrenheit. Aind coming up together force air and upward. They spin counterclockwise and it’s a low pressure system.  13. What are the major global wind belts? Westerlies North East Trades South East Trades 14. What is the Coriolis Effect and how does it affect the wind on the planet? The wind turns because of the different speeds on the earth. 15. What causes our seasons? What is the difference between rotation and revolution? Because we are tilted and it is where the sun hits the earth when it’s in rotation. Rotation is how the earth is moving by itself while revolution is how the earth rotates around the sun. 16. What is an equinox and solstice? A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. An equinox is an event in which a planet's subsolar point passes through its Equator. 17. What does ENSO stand for? Compare and contrast El Nino with La Nina using 5 conditions El Niño-Southern Oscillation. ENSO Comparison Factors El Nino Neutral La Nina Trade Wind Strength Slack (low) trade winds - Average High Upwelling Less upwelling along the Average More equatorial Pacific Ocean Equatorial Pacific Ocean Warmer equatorial Average Cooler water temps Pacific waters. Pressure Systems higher pressure near Average Low Australia Australia conditions Dry conditions causes A little bit of low-pressure Wet and rainy Subtropical and polar jet streams Wind Shear & Hurricanes Less wind shear and = wind shear across the Less wind shear in the more hurricanes in the Atlantic and Pacific Atlantic and Pacific. 18. How does albedo relate to Ice Ages and warming events? Because of ice melting at the poles stops warm water from sinking into the bottom of the ocean so then the more water we have the more ice there is to freeze. 19. What is smog and how is it related to ozone? What are CFCs and their effects? The ozon creates smog by the CFC that is in the air which then the more CFC we put into the air the more smog we have. 20. Explain the results and significance of the Carbon Bead Activity  To show how much carbon is in the air. 21. Explain the major carbon sources and sinks on planet Earth. Burning fossil fuels - source. Trees - sink 22. What are 3 climate change indicators? Higher sea levels, temp. Getting higher, droughts become longer.