Understanding Computers: Chapter 5 PDF

15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 5 System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Debor...

15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 5 System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning  Learning Objectives 1. Understand the difference between system software and application software. 2. Explain the different functions of an operating system and discuss some ways that operating systems enhance processing efficiency. 3. List several ways in which operating systems differ from one another. 4. Name today’s most widely used operating systems for personal computers and servers. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 2  Learning Objectives 5. State several devices other than personal computers and servers that require an operating system and list one possible operating system for each type of device. 6. Discuss the role of utility programs and outline several tasks that these programs perform. 7. Describe what the operating systems of the future might be like. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 3  Overview This chapter covers: – Differences between system software and application software – Functions of and general differences between operating systems – Specific operating systems most widely used today – Functions of and various types of utility programs – A look at future of operating systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 4  Mac OS Mac OS – Proprietary operating system for computers made by Apple Corporation – Based on the UNIX operating system – Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces – Mac OS X Family Mac OS X Mountain Lion and Mac OS X Mavericks – Mac OS X Server Server version of Mac OS X Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 5  Mac OS Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 6  UNIX UNIX – Operating system developed in the late 1960s for midrange servers – Multiuser, multitasking operating system – More expensive, requires high level of technical knowledge; harder to install, maintain, and upgrade – “UNIX” initially referred to the original UNIX operating system, now refers to a group of similar operating systems based on UNIX – Single UNIX Specification A standardized UNIX environment Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 7  Linux Linux – Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991—resembles UNIX but was developed independently – Is open-source software; has been collaboratively modified by volunteer programmers all over the world – Originally used a command line interface, most recent versions use a GUI – Strong support from mainstream companies, such as IBM, NVIDIA, HP, Dell, and Novell – Individuals and organizations are switching to Linux and other open source software because of cost Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 8  Linux Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 9  Chrome OS Chrome OS – The first cloud operating system – Essentially is the Chrome Web browser redesigned to run a computer, in addition to accessing Web resources – Replaces traditional desktop operating systems – Is currently only available preinstalled on Chrome devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 10  Quick Quiz 1. Which of the following is the most recent personal version of Windows? a. Windows 10 b. Windows Leopard c. Windows XP 2. True or False: Linux is an open source operating system available for free via the Internet. 3. The operating system most commonly used on Apple personal computers is __________. Answers: 1) a; 2) True; 3) Mac OS Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 11  Operating Systems for Mobile Devices Windows Phone 8, 10, Windows RT, and Windows Embedded – Windows Phone Latest version of Windows designed for smartphones Windows Phone 8 is based on the Windows 8 operating system – Windows RT Designed for tablet use – Windows Embedded Designed primarily for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 13  Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices – Android Linux-based operating system created with current mobile device capabilities in mind Can create applications that take full advantage of all the features a mobile device has to offer Open platform Current version is Android 9.0, also known as Android Pie Devices support multitasking, multiple cores, NFC mobile payment transactions, Internet phone calls Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 14  Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 15  Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices – iOS Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices Current version is iOS 7 Supports multitasking Includes Safari Web browser, the Siri intelligent assistant, Facetime video calling, AirDrop to send items to others, and apps for email, messaging, music, and search Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 16  Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 17  Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices – Blackberry OS and Blackberry PlayBook OS Designed for Blackberry devices – Mobile Linux Other mobile operating systems based on Linux besides Android and iOs Ubuntu, webOS, Firefox OS, and Tizen Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 18  Operating Systems for Larger Computers Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of system IBM’s z/OS is designed for IBM mainframes Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with servers, mainframes, and supercomputers Larger computers may also use a customized operating system based on a conventional operating system Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 19  Utility Programs Utility Program – Software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing or maintaining the computer system – Many utilities are built into operating systems (for finding files, viewing images, backing up files, etc.) – Utilities are also available as stand-alone products and as suites Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 21  File Management Programs Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as: – Looking at the contents of a storage medium – Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders – Deleting files and folders – File management program in Windows 8 is File Explorer To copy or move files, use the Home tab to copy (or cut) and then paste To delete files, use the Delete key on the keyboard or the Home tab Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 22  File Management Programs Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 23  Utility Programs Search Tools – Designed to search for documents and other files on the user’s hard drive Windows 8 has Search charm to search for files, apps, and Store items – Are often integrated into file management programs – Third-party search tools are also available Diagnostic and Disk Management Programs – Diagnostic programs evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found – Disk management programs diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 25  Utility Programs Uninstall and Cleanup Utilities – Uninstall utilities remove programs from your hard drive without leaving bits and pieces behind – Important to properly uninstall programs, not just delete them – Cleanup utilities delete temporary files Files still in Recycle Bin Temporary Internet files Temporary installation files Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 26  Utility Programs File Compression Programs – Reduce the size of files to optimize storage space and transmission time – Both zip and unzip files – WinZip (Windows users) and Stuffit (Mac users) Backup and Recovery Utilities – Make the backup and restoration process easier – Creating a backup means making a duplicate copy of important files Can use a recordable or rewritable CD or DVD disc, a USB flash drive, or an external hard drive Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 27  Utility Programs Antivirus, Antispyware, Firewalls, and Other Security Programs – Security Concerns Viruses, spyware, identity theft, phishing schemes – Security programs protect computers and users and it is essential that all computer users protect themselves and their computers Antivirus programs Antispyware programs Firewalls Many are included in Windows and other operating systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 30  Quick Quiz 1. Which of the following is the type of utility program used to make a file smaller for transfer over the Internet? a. Uninstall program b. Antivirus program c. File compression program 2. True or False: A file management program can be used to see the files located on a storage medium. 3. A(n) __________ is a duplicate copy of one or more files that can be used if there is a problem with the original files. Answers: 1) c; 2) True; 3) backup Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 31  Summary System Software vs. Application Software The Operating System Operating Systems for Personal Computers and Servers Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices Operating Systems for Larger Computers Utility Programs The Future of Operating Systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 32