Technology in Action Chapter 5 PDF

Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 5 System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management...

Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 5 System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 5.1 Discuss the functions of the operating system. 5.2 Explain the most popular operating systems for personal use. 5.3 Explain the different kinds of operating systems for machines, networks, and business. 5.4 Explain how the operating system provides a means for users to interact with the computer. 5.5 Explain how the operating system helps manage hardware such as the processor, memory, storage, and peripheral devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 5.6 Explain how the operating system interacts with application software. 5.7 Discuss the process the operating system uses to start up the computer and how errors in the boot process are handled. 5.8 Describe the main features of the Windows interface. 5.9 Summarize how the operating system helps keep your computer organized and manages files and folders. 5.10 Outline the tools used to enhance system productivity, back up files, and provide accessibility. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Operating System Fundamentals Operating System Basics (1 of 2) (Objective 5.1) System basics –Operating system (OS) –Utility programs Operating system functions –Manages computer’s hardware –Allows application software to work with CPU –Manage, schedule, coordinate tasks Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Operating System Fundamentals Operating System Basics (2 of 2) (Objective 5.1) User interface –How user interacts with computer –Desktop, icons, and menus OS categories –Single- or multi-user –Single- or multi-task Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (1 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (2 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Top three for personal computers –Windows –macOS –Linux Mobile OS –Android –iOS –Windows Web-based –Google Chrome OS Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (3 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Linux –Open source –Personal computers –Web servers –Distributions (distros) Platform Upgrade OS decision Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, and Business (1 of 2) (Objective 5.3) Real-time OS (RTOS) –Machine that performs repetitive series of specific tasks in precise time Multiuser operating system –Known as network OS –Allows multiple users access to the computer at the same time –Unix Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, and Business (2 of 2) (Objective 5.3) OS—coordinates and directs the flow of data and information Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does The User Interface (Objective 5.4) Enables user to interact with the computer Types of interfaces –Command-driven interface –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface (GUI) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (1 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Event Interrupt handler Preemptive multitasking Spooler Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (2 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Memory and storage management –RAM—limited capacity –Borrowing drive space is called virtual memory –Increase RAM to avoid using virtual memory –Swap file ▪Paging ▪Thrashing Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (3 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Hardware and peripheral device management –Device driver –Plug and Play (PnP) –Roll Back Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Software Application Coordination (Objective 5.6) Application programming interface (API) –Blocks of code the CPU recognizes –Used for similar procedures –Example: Microsoft Direct X Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (1 of 3) (Objective 5.7) The boot process consists of four basic steps which are: 1- Power on 2- POST (Power-On Self Test) 3- Loading the Bootloader 4- Loading the operating system Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (2 of 3) (Objective 5.7) Step 1: Activating BIOS –Manages the exchange of data between the OS and the input and output devices –BIOS is also responsible for loading the OS into RAM Step 2: Performing the Power-On Self-Test –Ensures that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (3 of 3) (Objective 5.7) Step 3: Loading the OS –System files loaded into RAM –Kernel, essential component of the OS, is then loaded Step 4: Checking Further Configurations and Customizations –Registry contains configurations used by the OS and applications Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface Using Windows 10 (1 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Desktop –Primary working area Taskbar –Displays open and favorite applications for easy access Start menu –Provides access to all applications and apps installed on your device Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface Using Windows 10 (2 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Pinning –Choosing which applications are tiles on the Start menu Virtual desktops –Allow you to organize groups of windows into different displays Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface User Interfaces for Other OSs (1 of 2) (Objective 5.8) macOS and Windows –Not compatible with each other –Similar in functionality Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface User Interfaces for Other OSs (2 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Linux –Most interfaces are based on familiar Windows and macOS paradigms Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (1 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Directory –Hierarchical structure of the computer’s contents ▪Drives ▪Libraries ▪Folders ▪Subfolders ▪Files –Root directory (C:) ▪Top of the filing structure Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (2 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File –Collection of program instructions or data –Treated as a single unit –Stored on permanent storage device Folder—collection of files Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (3 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File path –Windows—backslash \ –Linux—forward slash / –macOS—colon: Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (4 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File Explorer –Main tool for finding, viewing, and managing computer contents –Shows the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (5 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (6 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Naming files –File name –Extension (file type) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (7 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Copying, moving, and deleting files –Open –Copy –Cut –Rename –Delete –Recycle bin Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (8 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File compression utility –Make a large file more compact –Easier and faster to send files –Built-in file compression Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (1 of 4) (Objective 5.10) Utility programs –Incorporated into the operating system ▪Firewall and file-compression utilities –Standalone utility programs ▪Antivirus and security programs ▪Freeware Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (2 of 4) (Objective 5.10) System performance utilities –Disk Cleanup –Task Manager –Disk Defragmenter Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (3 of 4) (Objective 5.10) File and system backup utilities –File History –System Restore Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (4 of 4) (Objective 5.10) Accessibility utilities –Designed for users with special needs Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd.