Integrated Science 2 - Kinetic Molecular Theory PDF

INTEGRATED SCIENCE 2 Interaction between particles 12.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory Objectives discuss the postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter. demonstrate how KMT explains the observed behavior of gases Interaction betwee...

INTEGRATED SCIENCE 2 Interaction between particles 12.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory Objectives discuss the postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter. demonstrate how KMT explains the observed behavior of gases Interaction between particles 2 Kinetic Molecular Theory Matter is made up of very small particles that are in constant motion  Atom  Molecule  Ion Matter has energy:  Kinetic energy energy due to motion  Potential energy energy from attraction/repulsion  Thermal/Internal energy sum of all forms of energy Interaction between particles 3 Kinetic Molecular Theory RUDOLF CLAUSIUS  German Physicist  2nd Law of Thermodynamics  Concept of Entropy  Heat never spontaneously flows from a lower-temperature substance to a higher-temperature substance. Interaction between particles 4  Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Small particles (atoms, ions or molecules) made up matter. 2. The volume of the molecules depends on the space between them and not the space in which it occupied by the molecules. 3. The molecules are said to be in constant random motion. For each of the three states of matter (gases, liquids or solids), the motion is different. They collide with each other and their container walls.  There is no substantial drop of energy when the molecules collide with one another, or with the container’s walls. Interaction between particles 5 Kinetic Molecular Theory Temperature  hotness or coldness of an object  proportional to average kinetic energy of the particles in the object  the temperature used to define when the motion is very slow to none, is absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15OC). Interaction between particles 6 Properties of Solids, Liquids, Gases Solids  definite shape Strength of intermolecular forces of attraction  definite volume Liquids  indefinite shape  definite volume Gases  indefinite shape  indefinite volume Interaction between particles 7 KMT and Gas Laws  At a constant temperature, a volume rise causes pressure to drop.  constant temperature => average KE remains the same => molecular speed remains unaltered  volume increases => greater distance => less collisions with respect to the container walls per unit of time  pressure decreases Interaction between particles 8 KMT and Gas Laws  At constant volume, a temperature increase causes pressure to rise  constant volume => same container  temperature increases => average KE increases => more collisions per unit time with respect to the walls  => pressure increases Interaction between particles 9 KMT and Gas Laws  At constant pressure, a temperature increase causes volume to rise  constant pressure  temperature increases => average KE increases => more collisions => greater distance to keep constant pressure  => volume increases Interaction between particles 10 You have:  25 mins to answer this activity (closed notes)  Part I: Identification (6 pts); 16 choices (optional)  Part II: Filling a table (9 pts) (solids/liquids/gases)  8 tokens you can spend for favors: Favor Cost Open classmate 3 tokens Open notes 3 tokens +10 minutes to answer 2 tokens +bonus item (2 pts) 2 tokens show choices for Part 1 2 tokens remove 6 incorrect choices 3 tokens for Part 1 hint for Part 2 2 tokens Interaction between particles 11 Interaction between particles 12 Interaction between particles 13 1. The kinetic molecular theory is based upon the assumption that atoms are in constant ________. 2. Kinetic energy is directly related to temperature. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy ________. 3. Compared to solids and liquids, gases have a lower ________. This can be explained by the fact that there is so much empty space between particles in a gas. Interaction between particles 14 4. Solids have strong ______, liquids have weaker ______ and gases have little to no ______ holding them together. 5. Both liquids and gases are considered ______ because they flow easily. 6. _____ are considered the most easily compressible phase among solids, liquids, and gases. Interaction between particles 15 Identify the phases of matter in order of properties Interaction between particles 16 Constant T Interaction between particles 17 Constant V Interaction between particles 18 Constant P Interaction between particles 19