Week 1 - Particle Nature of Matter PDF

SCIENCE 7 PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER Lesson #1 Date: August 12-16, 2024  SCIENCE 7 Learning objectives: In this lesson, the students will be able to Recognize that scientists use models to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen o...

SCIENCE 7 PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER Lesson #1 Date: August 12-16, 2024  SCIENCE 7 Learning objectives: In this lesson, the students will be able to Recognize that scientists use models to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected; Describe the Particle Model of Matter as “All matter is made up of tiny particles with each pure substance having its own kind of particles.”; Describe that particles are constantly in motion, have spaces between them, attract each other, and move faster as the temperature increases (or with the addition of heat); Use diagrams and illustrations to describe the arrangement, spacing, and relative motion of the particles in each of the three states (phases) of matter. 2  SCIENCE 7 PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER 3  SCIENCE 7 Guess them..?? Add subtitle here. 9-Aug-24 4 https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/solids-liquids-gases  SCIENCE 7 What is a Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist in different states, such as solid, liquid, or gas, and can be composed of various elements and compounds. Matter is all around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat. Even objects that we may not be able to see, like the atoms and molecules that make up those objects, are still considered matter. 5  SCIENCE 7 Models of Matter Add subtitle here. Solid Liquid Gas 9-Aug-24 6 https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/solids-liquids-gases  SCIENCE 7 What makes up matter? Particle Model of Matter 7  SCIENCE 7 All matter is particulate in nature. This simply means that matter is made up of tiny bits material knowns as particles. Particle Model of Matter 8  SCIENCE 7 Why do scientists used models? Particle Model of Matter 9  SCIENCE 7 - used to represent aspects of the natural world that are too small, large, complex, or difficult to observe or explain directly. - a scientific model used for a clear and proper representation of the natural phenomena. Particle Model of Matter 10  SCIENCE 7 Particle model of matter– theory that explains how the particles that make up a substance are arranged and how they move and interact with each other. Particle Model of Matter 11  SCIENCE 7 The premises of this model are as follow: All matter is made of tiny particles. The particles are in constant motion. There is an empty space between particles. There are forces that act between the particles. Particle Model of Matter 12  SCIENCE 7 All matter is made of tiny particles. Everything around us is made up of tiny particles termed as atoms, molecules, and ions. Particle Model of Matter 13  SCIENCE 7 The particles are in constant motion. Particles of matter are always moving in whatever phase or state that matter is. This concept is anchored with the Kinetic Molecular Theory. Particle Model of Matter 14  SCIENCE 7 The particles are in constant motion. All particles contain energy, but the energy of particles depend on the temperature. Particle Model of Matter 15  SCIENCE 7 The particles are in constant motion. Gases – have the greatest movement of particles because it has the highest energy. Solids – least movement of particles because it has the lowest energy. Particle Model of Matter 16  SCIENCE 7 Kinetic Molecular Theory The kinetic molecular theory is scientific idea that helps us understand how particles behave in different states of matter. According to the kinetic molecular theory, particles are always moving. The speed of their movement depends on the state of matter they are in. Particles at a higher temperature move faster on average than particles at a lower temperature. For example , particles in a solid The particles in gas move very quickly move slowly and vibrate in place and bounce around in all directions. 9-Aug-24 Lesson Title 17  SCIENCE 7 There is an empty space between particles. Different states of matter have various particle arrangement. Thus, different characteristics of matter depend on how the particles in matter arranged. Particle Model of Matter 18  SCIENCE 7 Why does a solid behave differently from a liquid or gas? 9-Aug-24 Lesson Title 19  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Solids Tightly Packed The particles in a solid are tightly packed together Strong Attraction and have little space The particles in a solid have between them. strong attractive forces between them, which keep them in their fixed positions and maintain its shape and Regular Pattern volume. The particles in a solid are arranged in a regular pattern, forming a fixed shape. Particle Model of Matter 20  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Solids Definite Shape Definite Volume ❖ maintains shape even upon transfer ❖ which means that to another they occupy a fixed container amount of space ❖ Closely packed in ❖ no change in an orderly volume even upon arrangement and transfer to a bigger has fix positions container which maintains the shape. Particle Model of Matter 21  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Solids High Density Low Compressibility Solids are usually denser than liquids ❖ the atoms are and gases. packed tightly This is because the together, so they particles that make cannot be up solids are closely compressed into packed together, a smaller volume. and they have little room to move around. 9-Aug-24 Particle Model of Matter 22  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Solids Ease of Flow ❖ does not flow easily because the particles don’t move ❖ cannot slide past one another, only vibrate in place Particle Model of Matter 23  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Closely Packed The particles of liquids are closely packed, but Kinetic Energy not arranged in a The particles have more regular pattern like in kinetic energy than solid solids. particles, allowing them to move and slide past each Attraction other while remaining The particles in a solid relatively close together. are arranged in a regular pattern, forming a fixed shape. Particle Model of Matter 24  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Indefinite Shape ❖ liquids do not have a fixed shape ❖ takes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies Definite Volume ❖No change in volume even upon transfer to a bigger container Particle Model of Matter 25  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Lower density than solids ❖ have less density as compared to solids as intermolecular spaces are more in liquids. Low compressibility ❖ tight packing of the particles prevents them from being compressed. Particle Model of Matter 26  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Ease of flow ❖ flows easily because the particles of the liquid have the ability to slide over one another due to weaker inter-particle forces of attraction. Particle Model of Matter 27  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Gases Widely Spaced Kinetic Energy Gas particles are widely Gas particles move rapidly spaced and have no in all directions with high definite shape or kinetic energy. volume. Attraction Fill Space Gas particles have little attraction to one Gas particles fill the another and can space they occupy, bounce off each other regardless of the size or and the walls of their shape of the container. container.. 9-Aug-24 Particle Model of Matter 28  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Gas Indefinite Shape ❖ Gases have no fixed shape because their particles are free to move and take on the shape of their container. Indefinite Volume ❖ Gases have no fixed volume because their particles are free to move and fill the space available to them, regardless of the size of the container. Particle Model of Matter 29  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Very Low Density ❖ Gases have a low density because their particles are widely spaced, and there is a lot of empty space between particles. High Compressibility ❖Particles are far apart, so gas can be pressed, although doing so increases the pressure. ❖ can pushed to come closer to one another Particle Model of Matter 30  SCIENCE 7 Properties of Liquids Ease to flow ❖ flows easily because the particles are free to move about ❖ large spaces between them so they can also slide past one another Particle Model of Matter 31  SCIENCE 7 Property Solid Liquid Gas Shape Definite shape No definite shape No definite shape Volume Definite volume Definite volume No definite volume Compressibility Low Low High compressibility compressibility compressibility Density High density Lower density Very low density than solids Ease of flow Does not flow Flows easily Flows easily easily Particle Model of Matter 32  SCIENCE 7 There are forces that act between particles. Some particles stick together due to the attractive forces that exists on them. These attractive forces are called intermolecular forces. Particle Model of Matter 33  SCIENCE 7 There are forces that act between particles. Solids – have the strongest attractive forces that’s why their shape and volume are definite. Gases – weakest attractive forces that’s why particles are far apart from each other and can fill in every direction the container they are in. Particle Model of Matter 34  SCIENCE 7 Particles are constantly in motion: In solids, particles vibrate in place. In liquids and gases, particles move from one location to another. Particle Model of Matter 35  SCIENCE 7 As temperature increases... particle motion speeds up. Higher kinetic energy... leads to faster vibrations and movement of particles. Particle Model of Matter 36