IRP Appendix D PDF

Appendix D Structure Fires- 07/01/17 SFA- Structural Fire Appendix- optimized for residential compartment fires when those operating engage cooperatively to achieve mutually complimentary effects Back round/ Approach Considerations 1. Research on compartment fire behavior 2. Structural Components...

Appendix D Structure Fires- 07/01/17 SFA- Structural Fire Appendix- optimized for residential compartment fires when those operating engage cooperatively to achieve mutually complimentary effects Back round/ Approach Considerations 1. Research on compartment fire behavior 2. Structural Components under fire conditions 3. Unknown changes in the built environment 4. Lessons learned by MCFRS 5 objectives common to initial fire ground actions 1. continued survival of occupants who may be trapped 2. immediate medical care 3. prevent fire spread beyond its current location 4. control smoke movement, especially in a high rise 5. reduce property loss All incidents require a risk/benefit analysis - Survivability is our primary concern while weighing scene/ risk assessments and our coarse of action Non- Residential Structures Consider - Fire Dynamics - Interior size/configuration - Complexity of action will alter risk assessment and force tactical adjustments Research into Compartment Fires - Most Fires are ventilation limited meaning insufficient oxygen to support the energy of the burning fuels - Ventilation limited- Fire has progressed passed the incipient stage and has consumed most of the available oxygen. - Producing high heat and smoke dramatically diminishing survivability - Opening to the structure create Flow Paths - Flow Path allows heat and smoke to escape along upper levels and fresh air enters along the lower level of the flow path allowing for rapid Fire Growth  - Fire Growth- 3 factors- amount of energy, configuration of openings, available flow paths - Remove 1 or more part of the Fire Triangle (Heat, Fuel or Oxygen) to prevent rapid fire growth Fast Water/ Coordinated Ventilation - Fast water (most direct method to put water on burning on surfaces) and coordinated ventilation - Emphasis on cooling surfaces, least complex and most readily executed - Coordinated Ventilation- limiting flow paths until water cools burning surfaces High Rise Fires - No different then structure fires but are harder to reach and have more occupants - Greater threat from smoke and carbon monoxide - Smoke spreads through vertical cores (hoist ways, stairwells…) - High rise fire must use effective smoke control by pressurizing stairwells to limit smoke travel but doors to the stairwells remain closed so additional oxygen is not supplied to the fire Rural Fires - Initial approach changes are water supply, expansion and development (Water Supply Appendix ) Policy A. Standard Response- (except shed or detached garage)- 5 Engines, 2 Aerials, 1 Squad, 1 EMS Unit 4 Command 2 must respond B. High Rise Response- add 1 aerial (3) C. Rural Response- add 1 Engine (6), 3 Tankers Initial Operations - SOP based on order of dispatch not order of arrival o 360 size up A. occupants location B. construction type C. building occupancy D. exterior exposures E. location of the fire F. flow paths G. entry/egress H. extension I. weather  J. hazards- wires, pools, security bars IOSR- initial on-scene status report (first primary front and rear) 1. Confirm address 2. Arrival side 3. # of stories 4. Occupancy type 5. Conditions evident 6. Pertinent info SUR- situational update report 1. Command choice (tactical/stationary) 2. Status occupants 3. 2 out (stand by team) 4. Incident Action Plan 5. Point of entry 6. # of personnel making entry 7. additional resources needed - Announce 360 completed or not - Confirmed working fire limit communication until stationary command - Engine Officer should consider passing tactical command or establishing stationary command as soon as possible - Additional Report LCAN (Location, Condition, Actions, Needs) Fire Suppression 1. Lowest level of structure with fire 2. Primarily Outside fire begin Outside 3. Interior Attack over only with occupants trapped 4. No Roof work on uncontrolled fires - Units avoid parking in collapse zones Attack Lines 1. Primary line must be backed up unless necessary to preserve life 2. Back up line charged regardless of water supply 3. 2 attack line through 1 opening 4. Consider survive ability of Occupants - Engine may force entry without a special service on scene Basement Fire- Below primary entry grade 1. Use Exterior basement entrance/ access exists or is reasonable 2. No Exterior Access Darken from Windows prior to interior operations 3. No Exterior Access, risk assessment supported interior attack, control heat, smoke and oxygen prior to entry 4. Notify command and prepare to relocate A. Flame Over @ Entry way not surpassed with water B. High Heat @ Entry way not surpassed with water C. Fire @ Entry way not surpassed with water - Only Fire attack personnel along entry path - Keep egress stairs clear Interior Searches Occupants status 1. Accounted for- Occupants are know out of hazard area- diminish the level of acceptable risk 2. Not accounted for –not known in or out of the structure- greater risk decisions when searching 3. Known to be trapped- 911 caller or on scene witness- credible- high risk 4 types of searches 1. Primary- fire control is occurring 2. Secondary- fire knocked and vented- (different crew) 3. Directed search- specific area based on credible info 4. High risk- above uncontrolled fire 4 Search Area Priorities 1. Survivable spaces in the immediate fire area 2. Adjacent to the fire area 3. Floor above 4. Other areas (stairs, elevators, balconies) - Secondary not completed by primary crew when possible - Do not delay searches for arrival of squad - Unit officers are not removed from searching areas they move through Stand Pipes/ Sprinkler 1. Charge Stand Pipe Immediately to required PSI of reported floor 2. Sprinkler system - Charge Immediately when connected to stand pipe a) Smoke or Fire Visible b) Water Alarm Sounding c) Officer Directed