IoT Module 1 PDF

MODULE 1 Abhipsa Mahala Department of Computer Science and Engineering C V Raman Global University  Vision & Mission Vision of the C. V. Raman Global University: To emerge as a global leader in the arena of technical educ...

MODULE 1 Abhipsa Mahala Department of Computer Science and Engineering C V Raman Global University  Vision & Mission Vision of the C. V. Raman Global University: To emerge as a global leader in the arena of technical education commensurate with the dynamic global scenario for the benefit of mankind. Vision of the Department of CSE : To become a leader in providing high quality education and research in the area of Computer Science, Information Technology, and allied areas. Mission of C.V. Raman Global University :  To provide state-of-art technical education in the undergraduate and postgraduate levels;  to work collaboratively with technical Institutes / Universities / Industries of National and International repute;  to keep abreast with latest technological advancements;  to enhance the Research and Development activities”. Mission of the Department of CSE: M1: To develop human resource with sound theoretical and practical knowledge in the discipline of Computer Science & Engineering. M2: To work in groups for Research, Projects, and Co-Curricular activities involving modern methods, tools and technology. M3: To collaborate and interact with professionals from industry, academia, professional societies, community groups for enhancement of quality of education. Dept. of  Program Outcome (PO) Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization for the solution of complex engineering problems. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, and cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal, and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with the society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.  PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1- To provide the fundamental knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering concepts for the development of engineering system (Fundamental Knowledge). PEO2- To apply current industry accepted computing practices and emerging technologies to analyze, design, implement, test and verify high quality computing systems and computer based solutions to real world problems (Design and development). PEO3- To enable the use of appropriate skill sets and its applications towards social impacts of computing technologies in the career related activities (Skill Set) and to produce Efficient team leaders, effective communicators and capable of working in multi-disciplinary environment following ethical values(Communication). PEO4- To practice professionally and ethically in various positions of industry or government and/or succeed in graduate (Professionalism) with lifelong learning and to make substantial contributions to the society (Societal Contribution)  SYLLABUS Introduction to Internet of Things, definition, characteristics & History. Architecture: M2M – Machine to Machine, Web of Things Physical Design of IoT- Things in IoT, Logical Design of IoT- IoT Functional Blocks, IoT Enabling Technologies- Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Communication Protocols, Embedded Unit – I Systems, IoT Levels & Deployment Templates IoT in Monitoring and Control Applications : Few case studies on Structural Health Monitoring, Surveillance, Emergency Response, Environment-Weather Monitoring, Air Unit – II Pollution Monitoring , Air Quality Monitoring Noise Pollution Monitoring, Forest Fire Detection , River Floods Detection IoT Communication Models, IoT Communication APIs, IoT protocols and Applications: Remote Monitoring & Sensing, Remote Controlling, Performance Analysis The Unit – III Architecture The Layering concepts , IoT Communication Pattern, IoT protocol Architecture, The 6LoWPAN Security aspects in IoT. IoT Application Development: Application Protocols MQTT, REST/HTTP,CoAP, MySQLBack-end Application Designing Apache for handling HTTP Requests, PHP & MySQL for Unit – IV data processing, MongoDB Object type Database, Application Development for mobile Platforms: Overview of Android / IOS App Development tools IoT Platforms Design Methodology IoT Design Methodology-Purpose & Requirements Specification ,Process Specification, Domain Model Specification, Information Model Specification , Service Specifications , IoT Level Specification, Functional View Specification , Operational View Specification , Device & Component Integration , Use of Big Data Unit – V and Visualization in IoT, Industry 4.0 concepts.  Course Outcome Assessment Scheme: CO1: Understanding basic fundamental related to Internet of Things, Architecture concept and design. CO2: Microcontroller and Microprocessor concept and application development. CO3: IoT network and connectivity. CO4: IoT and Industry Application Protocol and use of Database CO5: System design methodology concept. Text books:- Internet of Things, A Hands on approach, Arshdeep Bahga & vijay madisetti Reference books:- The Internet of Things, by Michael Miller , Pearson Evaluation Criteria:- Assessments ( Sessional / Lab ) Continuous Evaluation Lab Test/ Project in Each lab  Contents Introduction Characteristics Application Architecture Physical design of IoT Logical design of IoT IoT Levels IoT Enabling Technologies  Introduction What is IoT ? IoT refers to the collection of all those devices that have the ability to connect to the Internet for the purpose of collect and share data. IoT is an ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible through internet. IoT actually means taking all the things in the world and connecting it to the internet. When a thing connected to internet it can send information, receive information and do both which makes thing smart.  Device that collect data by the help of sensor and actuators.  Devices that can be a part of IoT: Phone Laptop Watches Refrigerator Washing machine Cars Home  Characteristics of IoT Connectivity Intelligence Scalability Unique identity Dynamic and self adapting Architecture safety  Application why do we need IoT ? For comfortable and easier life style. These are individual benefits. Smart phone Smart house Entertainment In cases of smart homes and entertainment For society level and industry level:- Healthcare Farming Manufacturing industry Education industry In cases of Healthcare and Farming IoT in cases of Manufacturing industry and Education  Architecture How does IoT Work? Sensing device Connectivity Data Processing Application Example of cold storage godown. Sensing device:- The first layer of IoT architecture is a sensing layer or device layer that includes devices , sensors, and actuators that collect data from their surroundings and control things.. It is basically thing part of IoT (Embedded devices) that sense data from surrounding. Devices that sense or control things in the real world is the foundation layer for an IoT ecosystem. Example :- temp sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, light sensor etc. Connectivity layer:- The 2nd layer is known as the communication layer/ network layer or connectivity layer. It transports data from the Device Layer to the Internet, often via a Gateway which may perform some additional processing. Security functionality including authentication, encryption and malware protection may be done in this layer. So after the data collect in sensing devices it goes to connectivity layer i.e. cloud. This method is done by WIFI, RFID, Bluetooth cellular. Data processing layer:- Also known as Application service layer. The data processing layer is structured to handle data analysis and pre-processing. Depending on the application and implementation, this layer is either located in the gateway or in the cloud. Application layer:- The application layer is located in the cloud, where data is used by end-user applications. Interconnection between physical and digital world. Collect and process the real time information. It is the interaction with IoT device directly i.e. touch screen or button on other device. Transportation, healthcare, climatic condition comes under application layer. Example of 4 layer IoT architecture working together:- Refrigerator monitor example:- Device Layer: A temperature sensor takes temperature readings inside a refrigerator. Communications Layer: Readings are sent to a router or a gateway device. Data Storage and Processing Layer: The cloud stores and processes the incoming data to generate alerts in real time. Application layer: The cloud generates reports and analysis for end users to applications and record keeping, via both web interfaces and email delivery. Conclusion :- The architecture of your IOT system will determine its cost, flexibility, scale-ability, and performance. Therefore it is important to build an architecture that meets the needs of your use case and understand the capabilities and limitations of each layer. Physical Design of IoT Physical Design of IoT Things Protocol THINGS IN IOT The "Things" in IoT usually refers to IoT devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. IoT devices can: Exchange data with other connected devices and applications (directly or indirectly). Collect data from other devices and process the data locally or Send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application back- ends for processing the data. Generic block diagram of an IoT Device:- An IoT device may consist of several interfaces for connections to other devices, both wired and wireless. I/O interfaces for sensors Interfaces for Internet connectivity Memory and storage interfaces Audio/video interfaces IoT Protocols:- These protocols are used to establish communication between a node device and a server over the internet. It helps to send commands to an IoT device and receive data from an IoT device over the internet. we use different types of protocols that are present on both the server and client-side and these protocols are managed by network layers like application, transport, network, and link layer. IoT Protocols:- Link layer:- Link-layer protocols are used to send data over the network's physical layer. it also determines how the packets are coded and signaled by the devices. Ethernet It is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. it defines the physical layer and the medium access control for wired ethernet networks. WIFI It is a set of LAN protocols and specifies the set of media access control and physical layer protocols for implementing wireless local area networks. Link layer:- Wi-Max For larger area than WIFI we use Wi-Max(wireless metropolitan area network) It has faster speed than WIFI. LR-WPAN It stands for low rate wireless personal area network which used in IoT device. It use for small storage and low cost , low speed communication model. 2G/3G/4G-mobile communication These are different types of telecommunication generation. So it’s a n/w use for communication purpose between 2 device. Network layer:- This layer is used to send data from the source network to the destination network. we use IPv4 and IPv6 protocols as host identification that transfers data in packets. IPv4 This is a protocol address that is a unique and numerical label assigned to each device connected to the network. an IP address performs two main functions host and location addressing. IPv4 is an IP address that is 32-bit long. IPv6 It is a successor of IPv4 that uses 128 bits for an IP address. it is developed by the IETF task force to deal with long-anticipated problems. 6LoWPAN The 6LoWPAN protocol refers to IPv6 Low Power Personal Area Network which uses a lightweight IP-based communication to travel over low data rate networks. It has limited processing ability to transfer information wirelessly using an internet protocol. So, it is mainly used for home and building automation. The 6LoWPAN protocol operates only within the 2.4 GHz frequency range with 250 kbps transfer rate. Transport layer:- This layer is used to control the flow of data segments and handle the error control. also, these layer protocols provide end-to-end message transfer capability independent of the underlying network. TCP The transmission control protocol is a protocol that defines how to establish and maintain a network that can exchange data in a proper manner using the internet protocol. UDP a user datagram protocol is a part of an internet protocol called the connectionless protocol. this protocol is not required to establish the connection to transfer data.  Application layer:- In this layer, protocols define how the data can be sent over the network with the lower layer protocols using the application interface. these protocols include HTTP, WebSocket, XMPP, MQTT, DDS, and AMQP protocols HTTP Hypertext transfer protocol is a protocol that presents in an application layer for transmitting media documents. it is used to communicate between web browsers and servers. it makes a request to a server and then waits till it receives a response and in between the request server does not keep any data between two requests. WebSocket This protocol enables two-way communication between a client and a host that can be run on an untrusted code in a controlled environment. this protocol is commonly used by web browsers. Application layer:- MQTT It is a machine-to-machine connectivity protocol that was designed as a publish/subscribe messaging transport. and it is used for remote locations where a small code footprint is required. XMPP Extensible messaging and presence protocol is a communication protocol for message oriented middleware based on XML. DDS The Data distribution service is a middleware protocol and API standard for data centric connectivity from the object management group. In this system a middleware is a s/w layer that lies between OS and application. Application layer:- AMQP:- Advanced message queuing protocol is an open source application layer protocol for message oriented middleware.. Some Features are message orientation, queuing, reliability and security. CoAP:- Constrained application protocol used for M2M application such as smart energy and building automation. It enables device to communicate over internet. This protocol is used in very simple h/w so its power consumption is very low. Logical Design of IoT For understanding logical design of IoT, we describe them as:-  IoT functional block  IoT communication model  IoT communication API Functional Block of IoT An IoT system comprises of a number of functional blocks that provide the system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation, communication, and management. IoT communication model:-  Request-response model  Publish-subscribe model  Push-pull model  Exclusive pair model Request-Response communication model Request-Response is a communication model in which the client sends requests to the server and the server responds to the requests. When the server receives a request, it decides how to respond, fetches the data, retrieves resource representations,prepares the response, and then sends the response to the client.  Publish-Subscribe communication model Publish-Subscribe is a communication model that involves publishers, brokers and consumers. Publishers are the source of data. Publishers send the data to the topics which are managed by the broker. Publishers are not aware of the consumers. Consumers subscribe to the topics which are managed by the broker. When the broker receives data for a topic from the publisher, it sends the data to all the subscribed consumers. Push-Pull communication model Push-Pull is a communication model in which the data producers push the data to queues and the consumers pull the data from the queues. Producers do not need to be aware of the consumers. Exclusive Pair communication model Exclusive Pair is a bidirectional, fully duplex communication model that uses a persistent connection between the client and server. Once the connection is setup it remains open until the client sends a request to close the connection. Client and server can send messages to each other after connection setup.  REST-based Communication APIs Representational State Transfer (REST) is a set of architectural principles by which you can design web services and web APIs that focus on a system’s resources and how resource states are addressed and transferred. REST APIs follow the request- response communication model. The REST architectural constraints apply to the components, connectors, and data elements, within a distributed hypermedia system. WebSocket-based Communication APIs WebSocket APIs allow bi- directional, full duplex communication between clients and servers. WebSocket APIs follow the exclusive pair communication model Difference between REST and WEBSOCKET:- REST based API WEB SOCKET based API Stateless Stateful Request response Bidirectional ,full duplex communication model Exclusive pair communication Each time new TCP connection model set Single TCP connection set Ex:- smart security camera, smart Ex:- live chats on support motion sensor. website, messaging apps, real time games. IoT Levels & Deployment Templates IoT system Consists of the following components: Device: An IoT device allows identification, remote sensing, actuating and remote monitoring capabilities. Resource: Resources are software components on the IoT device for accessing, processing, and storing sensor information, or controlling actuators connected to the device. Controller Service: Controller service is a native service that runs on the device and interacts with the web services. Controller service sends data from the device to the web service and receives commands from the application (via web services) for controlling the device. IoT Levels & Deployment Templates Database: Database can be either local or in the cloud and stores the data generated by the IoT device. Web Service:Web services serve as a link between the IoT device, application, database and analysis components. Web service can be either implemented using HTTP and REST principles (REST service) or using WebSocket protocol (WebSocket service). Analysis Component: The Analysis Component is responsible for analyzing the IoT data and generate results in a form which are easy for the user to understand. Application: IoT applications provide an interface that the users can use to control and monitor various aspects of the IoT system. Applications also allow users to view the system status and view the processed data. IoT Level-1 A level-1 IoT system has a single node/device that performs sensing and/or actuation, stores data, performs analysis and hosts the application Level-1 IoT systems are suitable for modeling low- cost and low- complexity solutions where the data involved is not big and the analysis requirements are not complex.  IoT Level-2 A level-2 IoT system has a single node that performs sensing and/or actuation and local analysis. Data is stored in the cloud and application is usually cloud- based. Level-2 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where the data involved is big, however, the primary analysis requirement is not computationally intensive and can be done locally itself. IoT Level-3 A level-3 IoT system has a single node. Data is stored and analyzed in the cloud and application is cloud- based. Level-3 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where the data involved is big and the analysis requirements are computationally intensive. IoT Level-4 A level-4 IoT system has multiple nodes that perform local analysis. Data is stored in the cloud and application is cloud-based. Level-4 contains local and cloud- based observer nodes which can subscribe to and receive information collected in the cloud from IoT devices. Level-4 IoT systems are suitable for solutions where multiple nodes are required, the data involved is big and the analysis requirements are computationally intensive.  IoT Level-5 A level-5 IoT system has multiple end nodes and one coordinator node. The end nodes that perform sensing and/or actuation. Coordinator node collects data from the end nodes and sends to the cloud. Data is stored and analyzed in the cloud and application is cloud-based. Level-5 IoT systems are suitable for solutions based on wireless sensor networks, in which the data involved is big and the analysis requirements are computationally intensive.  IoT Level-6 A level-6 IoT system has multiple independent end nodes that perform sensing and/or actuation and send data to the cloud. Data is stored in the cloud and application is cloud- based. The analytics component analyzes the data and stores the results in the cloud database. The results are visualized with the cloud-based application. The centralized controller is aware of the status of all the end nodes and sends control commands to the nodes. IoT Enabling Technologies:- Wireless sensor network Cloud computing Big data analytics Embedded system Wireless Sensor Network Distributed devices with sensors used to monitor the environment and physical condition. It is a network formed by large no. of sensor node to detect light , heat , pressure etc. i.e. used to monitor environmental and physical condition. Each node can have several sensor attached to it. Each node can also acts as a router. Coordinator collects data from all nodes. It acts as a gateway that connects WSN to the internet. Examples of WSN Weather monitoring system Soil moisture monitoring system. Health monitoring system Air quality monitoring system Cloud computing Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the Internet to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. It provide us a mean by which we can access the application as utilities over the internet. Characteristics:- These are the basic characteristics of Cloud Computing such as:- Broad network access Rapid scalability Measured service On-demand self-service Pay-per-use pricing Resource pooling Services :- IaaS :- It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure on an outsourced basis to support various operations. IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month. PaaS :- PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new application. SaaS :- SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay- as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web browser without any downloads or installations required. The SaaS applications are sometimes called Web-based software, on- demand software, or hosted software. Bigdata Analytics Collecting of data whose volume , velocity or variety is too large and difficult to store, manage, process and analyse the data using traditional database. Characteristics of Big Data in 5V Variety – It include different types of data  Structured  Unstructured  Semi structured  All the text, audio, video velocity- It refer to speed at which data is processed  Real time  Streams Volume- It refers to the amount of data  Records  Files  Tables Value: The value of big data usually comes from insight discovery and pattern recognition that lead to more effective operations, stronger customer relationships and other clear and quantifiable business benefits. Veracity: The “truth” or accuracy of data and information assets, which often determines executive-level confidence. Embedded System:- An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function. An embedded system is a microcontroller or microprocessor based system which is designed to perform a specific task. Ex- a fire alarm is an embedded system; it will sense only smoke. It has 3 components :- 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Real time OS Characteristics Single functioned Microprocessor based Memory HW-SW system Examples:- Lots of data is being collected and warehoused Web data, e-commerce Bank/ credit card transaction Social networking Purchases at grocery stores THANK YOU