Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a communication model in IoT?
What is the primary function of the Publish-Subscribe communication model?
Publishers send data to topics managed by brokers, and consumers subscribe to those topics.
The Exclusive Pair model allows for bidirectional and full duplex communication.
True
Match the following IoT levels with their descriptions:
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REST APIs follow the ______ communication model.
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What is Cloud Computing?
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IaaS is known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).
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The four characteristics of Big Data include volume, velocity, variety, and ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cloud Computing?
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What is the vision of the C.V. Raman Global University?
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What is Internet of Things (IoT)?
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Which of the following are characteristics of IoT? (Select all that apply)
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What are the applications of IoT in society?
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The first layer of IoT architecture is the ______ layer.
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Which of the following protocols is primarily used for establishing device communication over the Internet?
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IPv6 is an improvement over IPv4 and uses a 128-bit address.
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What is the purpose of the connectivity layer in IoT architecture?
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What does CoAP stand for?
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An IoT device typically has a unique ______ that helps identify it in the network.
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Which layer of IoT architecture handles data analysis and pre-processing?
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Study Notes
Vision & Mission
- C.V. Raman Global University aims to be a global leader in technical education for the benefit of mankind.
- The Department of CSE seeks to provide high-quality education and research in Computer Science, IT, and related fields.
- Mission includes:
- Offering state-of-the-art technical education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
- Collaboration with reputed institutes, universities, and industries.
- Staying updated with technological advancements.
- Enhancing research and development efforts.
Program Outcomes (PO)
- Engineering knowledge: Utilize mathematics, science, and engineering fundamentals for solving complex problems.
- Problem analysis: Formulate and analyze engineering problems using first principles.
- Design/development: Create solutions that consider safety, societal, and environmental factors.
- Investigative skills: Utilize research methods and data synthesis for valid conclusions.
- Modern tool usage: Apply appropriate engineering and IT tools recognizing their limitations.
- Societal impact: Assess engineering solutions' effects on society and the environment.
- Ethics: Understand and commit to professional ethical standards.
- Teamwork: Function effectively individually and in diverse teams.
- Communication: Present complex ideas clearly to various audiences.
- Project management: Apply engineering and management principles effectively.
- Lifelong learning: Show readiness for continuous education in technology.
Program Educational Objectives (PEO)
- PEO1: Provide fundamental knowledge in mathematics and engineering concepts.
- PEO2: Apply current practices and technologies for high-quality computing solutions.
- PEO3: Promote appropriate skills addressing the social implications of computing.
- PEO4: Foster professionalism and ethical practices in industry or academia.
Syllabus Overview
- Introduction to IoT: Definition, characteristics, and historical context.
- IoT Architecture: M2M (Machine to Machine), Web of Things, physical/logical designs, enabling technologies.
- Applications of IoT: Case studies in monitoring and control across various domains (healthcare, environment).
- Communication Protocols: Overview of IoT communication models, APIs, and application development.
- IoT Platforms: Design methodologies and integration of big data with IoT.
Key Concepts in IoT
- IoT Definition: An ecosystem of connected devices capable of collecting and sharing data via the Internet.
- Characteristics:
- Connectivity, intelligence, scalability, unique identity, self-adaptation, architecture, safety.
Applications of IoT
- Individual level: Enhancements in daily life through smart devices (phones, homes, entertainment).
- Societal level: Impact in healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, and education sectors.
IoT Architecture
- Four layers:
- Sensing Devices: Collect and control data (e.g., temperature sensors).
- Connectivity Layer: Transports data to the internet; can include gateways for processing.
- Data Processing Layer: Analyzes and processes the collected data.
- Application Layer: End-user applications utilize processed data for real-time actions.
IoT Protocols
- Utilized for communication between devices and servers.
- Link Layer Protocols: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, WiMax, LR-WPAN, mobile communication protocols (2G, 3G, 4G).
- Network Layer Protocols: IPv4, IPv6, 6LoWPAN for low-power networks.
- Transport Layer Protocols: TCP for reliable communications, UDP for connectionless data transfer.
- Application Layer Protocols: HTTP, WebSocket, MQTT, XMPP, DDS, AMQP, CoAP, focusing on specific communication needs.
Logical Design of IoT
- Functional Blocks: Include identification, sensing, actuation, communication, and management.
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Communication Models:
- Request-Response: Client requests data, server responds.
- Publish-Subscribe: Data published to topics, consumed by interested clients.
- Push-Pull: Producers push data to queues, consumers pull data.
- Exclusive Pair: Persistent connection for full-duplex communication.
Additional Information
- REST-based APIs adhere to request-response principles for web services.
- WebSocket APIs allow for real-time, bidirectional communication.### WebSocket and REST APIs
- WebSocket APIs enable bidirectional and full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous data transmission between client and server.
- REST-based APIs are stateless, relying on a request-response model with a new TCP connection established for each interaction.
- Examples: REST applications include smart devices like security cameras; WebSocket examples include live chat support, online games, and messaging apps.
Components of IoT Systems
- Device: Captures data, supports remote monitoring, sensing, and control.
- Resource: Software components for data processing, storage, and actuator control on the IoT device.
- Controller Service: Interacts with web services, facilitating data transmission to and from the device.
- Database: Stores generated data, can be local or cloud-based.
- Web Service: Connects IoT devices to applications and databases; can implement HTTP/REST or WebSocket protocols.
- Analysis Component: Analyzes IoT data to generate user-friendly results.
- Application: Interface for users to monitor and control IoT system aspects and evaluate processed data.
IoT Levels
- Level-1: Single device performing sensing, storage, analysis, and hosting applications; suitable for low-cost, low-complexity solutions.
- Level-2: Sensing and local analysis on a single node, with cloud-based storage; for larger data without intensive computations.
- Level-3: Single node with cloud storage and analysis; designed for significant data handling with computationally intensive analysis.
- Level-4: Multiple nodes performing local analysis; cloud storage and analysis for complex data examination.
- Level-5: Multiple end nodes for sensing/action and one coordinating node; suited for wireless sensor networks with extensive data and analysis needs.
- Level-6: Multiple independent nodes with centralized control; data is sent to and analyzed in the cloud with comprehensive result visualization.
IoT Enabling Technologies
- Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): A network of distributed sensor-equipped devices for environmental monitoring; includes coordinator nodes for data routing.
- Cloud Computing: Provides computing services through the internet, enabling scalability and resource flexibility; characterized by broad access, rapid scalability, and pay-per-use pricing.
Cloud Computing Services
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Outsourced computing infrastructure charged on a per-user basis; includes virtualized computing resources.
- PaaS (Platform as a Service): Offers a cloud platform for application development, freeing users from in-house resource management.
- SaaS (Software as a Service): Complete software solutions available on-demand via a web browser, eliminating installation requirements.
Big Data Analytics
- Involves processing large and complex data sets beyond traditional database capabilities, defined by the 5 Vs:
- Volume: Amount of data (can come from records, files, tables).
- Variety: Types of data (structured, unstructured, semi-structured).
- Velocity: Speed of data processing and real-time updates.
- Value: Insights gained lead to improved operations and customer relationships.
- Veracity: Accuracy of data, critical for executive confidence.
Embedded Systems
- Defined as hardware-software combinations designed for specific functions; based on microcontrollers/microprocessors.
- Characteristics include being single-functioned with real-time operating systems.
- Examples include automated systems like fire alarms, catering to specific applications with dedicated components.
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Description
Explore the vision and mission of C.V. Raman Global University and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. This quiz covers the foundational goals aimed at advancing technical education for the benefit of society.
