4000 Essential English Words 1 PDF

4000 Essential English Words 1 Paul N atio n © 2009 Compass Publishing AJI rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in w...

4000 Essential English Words 1 Paul N atio n © 2009 Compass Publishing AJI rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Acquisitions Editor: fidel Cruz Project Coordinator Annie Cho Design: Design Plus email: irtfog'compawpub.tom http://www.compasspub.com ISBN: ?70-1-599oo-*G2-* 10 9 $ 7 o 5 U 3 2 1 12 tl 10 09 Photo Credits All images (D Shutterstock. Inc. Paul Nation 4000 Essential En glish W ords 1 4000 Essential English Words 1 Paul Nation © 2009 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Acquisitions Editor: Fidel Cruz Project Coordinator: Annie Cho Design: Design Plus email: [email protected] http://www.compasspub.com ISBN: 978-1-59966-402-6 10 12 Photo Credits All images © Shutterstock, Inc. English Words mm Target Words Page| afraid, agree, angry, arrive, attack, bottom, clever, cruel, finally, hide, hunt, lot, 1 8 middle, moment, pleased, promise, reply, safe, trick, well adventure, approach, carefully, chemical, create, evil, experiment, kill, laboratory, 2 14 laugh, loud, nervous, noise, project, scare, secret, shout, smell, terrible, worse alien, among, chart, cloud, comprehend, describe, ever, fail, friendly, grade, 3 20 instead, library, planet, report, several, solve, suddenly, suppose, universe, view appropriate, avoid, behave, calm, concern, content, expect, frequently, habit, instruct, 4 26 issue, none, patient, positive, punish, represent, shake, spread, stroll, village aware, badly, belong, continue, error, experience, field, hurt, judgment, likely, 5 32 normal, rare, relax, request, reside, result, roll, since, visible, wild advantage, cause, choice, community, dead, distance, escape, face, follow, 6 38 fright, ghost, individual, pet, reach, return, survive, upset, voice, weather, wise allow, announce, beside, challenge, claim, condition, contribute, difference, divide, 7 44 expert, famous, force, harm, lay, peace, prince, protect, sense, sudden, therefore accept, arrange, attend, balance, contrast, encourage, familiar, grab, hang, huge, 8 50 necessary, pattern, propose, purpose, release, require, single, success, tear, theory against, beach, damage, discover, emotion, fix, frank, identify, island, ocean, 9 56 perhaps, pleasant, prevent, rock, save, step, still, taste, throw, wave benefit, certain, chance, effect, essential, far, focus, function, grass, guard, 10 62 image, immediate, primary, proud, remain, rest, separate, site, tail, trouble anymore, asleep, berry, collect, compete, conversation, creature, decision, either, 11 68 forest, ground, introduce, marry, prepare, sail, serious, spend, strange, truth, wake alone, apartment, article, artist, attitude, compare, judge, magazine, material, meal, 12 74 method, neighbor, professional, profit, quality, shape, space, stair, symbol, thin blood, burn, cell, contain, correct, crop, demand, equal, feed, hole, increase, 13 80 lord, owe, position, raise, responsible, sight, spot, structure, whole coach, control, description, direct, exam, example, limit, local, magical, mail, 14 86 novel, outline, poet, print, scene, sheet, silly, store, suffer, technology across, breathe, characteristic, consume, excite, extreme, fear, fortunate, happen, 15 92 length, mistake, observe, opportunity, prize, race, realize, respond, risk, wonder, yet Unit Target Words Page academy, ancient, board, century, clue, concert, county, dictionary, exist, flat, 16 98 gentleman, hidden, maybe, officer, original, pound, process, publish, theater, wealth appreciate, available, beat, bright, celebrate, determine, disappear, else, fair, flow, 17 104 forward, hill, level, lone, puddle, response, season, solution, waste, whether argue, communicate, crowd, depend, dish, empty, exact, fresh, gather, indicate, 18 110 item, offer, price, product, property, purchase, recommend, select, tool, treat alive, bone, bother, captain, conclusion, doubt, explore, foreign, glad, however, 19 116 injustice, international, lawyer, mention, policy, social, speech, staff, toward, wood achieve, advise, already, basic, bit, consider, destroy, entertain, extra, goal, 20 122 lie, meat, opinion, real, reflect, regard, serve, vegetable, war, worth appear, base, brain, career, clerk, effort, enter, excellent, hero, hurry, inform, 21 128 later, leave, locate, nurse, operation, pain, refuse, though, various actual, amaze, charge, comfort, contact, customer, deliver, earn, gate, include, 22 134 manage, mystery, occur, opposite, plate, receive, reward, set, steal, thief advance, athlete, average, behavior, behind, course, lower, match, member, mental, 23 140 passenger, personality, poem, pole, remove, safety, shoot, sound, swim, web block, cheer, complex, critic, event, exercise, fit, friendship, guide, lack, 24 146 passage, perform, pressure, probable, public, strike, support, task, term, unite associate, environment, factory, feature, instance, involve, medicine, mix, organize, 25 152 period, populate, produce, range, recognize, regular, sign, tip, tradition, trash, wide advice, along, attention, attract, climb, drop, final, further, imply, maintain, neither, 26 158 otherwise, physical, prove, react, ride, situated, society, standard, suggest actually, bite, coast, deal, desert, earthquake, effective, examine, false, gift, 27 164 hunger, imagine, journey, puzzle, quite, rather, specific, tour, trip, value band, barely, boring, cancel, driveway, garbage, instrument, list, magic, message, 28 170 notice, own, predict, professor, rush, schedule, share, stage, storm, within advertise, assign, audience, breakfast, competition, cool, gain, importance, knowledge, 29 176 major, mean, prefer, president, progress, respect, rich, skill, somehow, strength, vote above, ahead, amount, belief, center, common, cost, demonstrate, different, evidence, 30 182 honesty, idiom, independent, inside, master, memory, proper, scan, section, surface IF v ^ jB About the Vocabulary The 600 words in each book of this series along with the additional target words presented in the appendices included in the first three books of the series are the most useful words in English. They were found by analysis of a collection of English course books from various levels in the primary, secondary and tertiary school systems. The words included in this series were chosen because they occurred many times in different levels of these materials. Because of the way that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics: 1 They are useful in both spoken and written English. No matter what English course you are studying, the words in these books will be of value to you. 2 Each word in these books is a high-frequency word. This means that the effort in learning the words is well repaid by the number of times learners have a chance to encounter or use them. 3 These books as a whole cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or written text. They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academic texts, and at least 90% of the words in novels. They also cover at least 90% of the words in conversation. About the Books The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings and forms of the words. Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning of the words in the context of a sentence— a sentence different from the sentences that occurred in the introduction of the words. Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing the target words. While reading the story, the learners have to recall the meanings of the words and suit them to the context of the story. Such activities help learners develop a better understanding of a common meaning for a given word which fits the different uses. Illustrations for each target word are provided to help learners visualize the word as it is being used in the example sentence. These word/image associations aim to help students grasp the meaning of the word as well as recall the word later. It should be noted that words have more than one grammatical category. However, this series focuses on the word’s most common form. This is mentioned to remind learners that just because a word is labeled and utilized as a noun in this series does not mean that it can never be used in another form such as an adjective. This series has simply focused on the word in the form that it is most likely to be expressed. Supporting Learning with Outside Activities A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development. The highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities. In addition, learning can further be supported through the following activities: 1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the card and the translation of the word in the student’s first language on the other side. Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day. Over several weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more effective than studying for hours at one sitting. 2 Assign graded readers at students’ appropriate levels. Reading such books provides both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input which will help the words stick in students’ memory. 3 Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight recognition and usage. Compass Publishing’s Reading for Speed and Fluency is a good resource for reading fluency material. 4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes. Reinforcement of the high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is important across all the four language skills. Author Paul Nation Paul Nation is professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has taught in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, Finland, and Japan. His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning.  r afraid [afreid] adj. When someone is afraid, they feel fear. -» The woman was afraid of what she saw. r agree fegn:i v. To agree is to say “yes” or to think the same way. -* A: The food is very good in that restaurant. B: I agree with you. c angry [sengro adj. When someone is angry, they may want to speak loudly or fight. ->She didn’t do her homework, so her father is angry. I r arrive feraiv] v. I iffm& To arrive is to get to or reach some place. -►The bus always arrives at the corner of my street at 4:00. I r attack [at*iov. To attack is to try to fight or to hurt. -» The man with the sword attacked the other man first. r bottom [batam] n. The bottom is the lowest part. -» The bottom of my shoe has a hole in it. r clever [klevar] adj. When someone is clever, they can solve a hard puzzle or problem. -*The clever boy thought of a good idea. r C r u e l [kru:al] adj. When someone is cruel, they do bad things to hurt others. -» The cruel man yelled at his sister. r finally [fainali] adv. If something happens finally, it happens after a longtime or at the end. —He finally crossed the finish line after five hours of running. r hide [haid] y. To hide is to try not to let others see you. -►The other children will hide while you count to 100.  hunt [hAnt] v. To hunt is to look for or search for an animal to kill. -*Long ago, people hunted with bows and arrows. f l o t [tat] n. A lot means a large number or amount of people, animals, things, etc. -*There are a lot of apples in the basket. r middle [midi] n. © The middle of something is the center or halfway point. -» The Canadian flag has a maple leaf in the middle of it. r moment [moumant] n. A moment is a second or a very short time. -* I was only a few moments late for the meeting. r pleased [pli:zd] adj. When someone is pleased, they are happy. -»She was pleased with the phone call she received. r promise [prdmis] v. 1*^ ' To promise is to say you will do something for sure. -» He promised to return my key by tomorrow. c reply [npiao * To reply is to give an answer or say back to someone. She asked him what time his meeting was. He replied, “at three.” r safe [seif] adj. -®-S^ When a person is safe, they are not in danger. -»Put on your seat belt in the car to be safe. r trick im n. A trick is something you do to fool another person. ->His card trick really surprised us. r well [wel] adv. You use well to say that something was done in a good way. -♦The couple can dance quite well.  Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. bad or hurting others a. afraid b. clever c. cruel d. hunt 2. at last or at the end a. angry b. clever c. finally d. reply 3. to try to fight or hurt a. attack b. middle c. pleased d. trick 4. to not let others see a. agree b. hide c. safe d. well 5. the lowest part a. bottom b. lot c. moment d. promise Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. angry a. happy b. low c. mad d. scared 2. moment a. a hole with water in it b. a short time c. at the center d. at the end 3. promise a. to say “good job” b. to say “ I will” c. to say “the end” d. to say “ maybe” 4. reply a. to answer b. to get to a place c. to look for in order to kill d. to try to fight or hurt 5. safe a. fool b. having much or many c. not seen d. not worried about being hurt Check (V ) the sentence with the bolded word that makes better sense. 1. ___ a. A clever person can solve a puzzle easily. b. When a plane arrives, it leaves the ground and goes into the sky. 2. ___ a. At noon, the sun is near the bottom of the sky. b. If I break my brother’s bike, he will be angry. 3. ___ a. It is easy to hide in a dark place. b. Many kinds of fish are afraid of water. 4. ___ a. At night, your parents may say, “ Hide your eyes and goto sleep.” b. Heavy things will go down to the bottom of the ocean. 5. ___ a. It is cruel to keep a dog in a small cage all day. b. Your mother will be angry when you get good grades inschool. 6. ___ a. Animals cannot hunt because they do not have hands. b. It is a good idea to arrive early for class. 7. ___ a. People sometimes attack pictures to email messages. b. Some people are afraid of spiders. 8. ___ a. A moment is like a second or two. b. New shoes are usually not very comfortable or clever. 9. ___ a. Small animals do not usually attack big animals. b. There are twelve moments in a year. 10. ___ a. A cruel person will try to help others at all times. b. You can use a gun to hunt in the forest.  The Lion and the Rabbit A cruel lion lived in the forest. Every day, he killed and ate a lot of animals. The other animals were afraid the lion would kill them all. The animals told the lion, “ Let’s make a deal. If you promise to eat only one animal each day, then one of us will come to you every day. Then you don’t have to hunt and kill us.” The plan sounded well thought-out to the lion, so he agreed, but he also said, “ If you don’t come every day, I promise to kill all of you the next day!” Each day after that, one animal went to the lion so that the lion could eat it. Then, all the other animals were safe. Finally, it was the rabbit’s turn to go to the lion. The rabbit went very slowly that day, so the lion was angry when the rabbit finally arrived. The lion angrily asked the rabbit, “Why are you late?” “ I was hiding from another lion in the forest. That lion said he was the king, so I was afraid.” The lion told the rabbit, “ I am the only king here! Take me to that other lion, and I will kill him. The rabbit replied, “ I will be happy to show you where he lives.” The rabbit led the lion to an old well in the middle of the forest. The well was very deep with water at the bottom. The rabbit told the lion, “ Look in there. The lion lives at the bottom.” When the lion looked in the well, he could see his own face in-the water. He thought that was the other lion. Without waiting another moment, the lion jumped into the well to attack the other lion. He never came out. All of the other ammal^Ln theiorest-were very pleased with the rabbit’s clevpriirick...A fW i W: Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. How a clever rabbit tricked a cruel lion b. How rabbits learned to hide from lions c. How a rabbit pleased an angry lion d. How to be safe when you hunt in the forest 2. What did all the animals say to the lion? a. They said they wanted him to be their king. b. They said that the rabbit would be there in a moment. c. They said that they would allow him to eat one of them a day. d. They said that they would hide at the bottom of the well. 3. Why did the rabbit take the lion to the well in the middle of the forest? a. So a lot of animals could see the rabbit walking with the lion b. So the lion could attack the “ other” lion c. So the lion could drink water d. So the other animals would be afraid of the rabbit 4. Which of the following is true at the end of the story? a. The lion attacked another lion, and they both got hurt. b. The lion cannot reply to the rabbit, so the rabbit wins. c. The lion finally dies. d. The lion is pleased by the rabbit’s words, so it does not eat the rabbit. 5. What did the lion see when it looked in the well?  r adventure [adventjar] n. An adventure is a fun or exciting thing that you do. — Riding in the rough water was an adventure. r approach [aproutj] v. To approach something means to move close to it. -* The boy approached his school. r carefully [kearfali] adv. Carefully means with great attention, especially to detail or safety. -*The baby carefully climbed down the stairs. r chemical [kemikal] n. A chemical is something that scientists use in chemistry. -* The scientist mixed the chemicals. r create Hamv. To create means to make something new. -♦She created an igloo from blocks ofsnow. r evil [i:val] adj. Evil describes something or someone bad or cruel, not good. -» The evil figure scared us all. r experiment [iksperamant] n. An experiment is a test that you do to see what will happen. -» The student did an experiment in science class. r kill [kiii v. To kill someone or something is to make them die. -»I killed the fly with a fly swatter. r laboratory [lsebaratd:ri] n. A laboratory is a room where a scientist works. -*My mother works in a laboratory. r laugh [i»fl n. Laugh is the sound made when someone is happy or a funny thing occurs -►The sound of their laugh filled the room. 14  loud [laud] adj. £ If a sound is loud, it is strong and very easy to hear. -♦The man’s voice was so loud that we all could hear him. c nervous [ns>:rvas] adj. When a person is nervous, they think something bad will happen. -* The boy became nervous when he heard the news. *v r noise m n. A noise is an unpleasant sound. -♦The crying baby made a loud noise. r project [ pred3ekt] n. A project is a type of work that you do for school ora job. -* His afternoon work project was to paint the room green. r scare [skeax] v. To scare someone is to make them feel afraid. -»My uncle was scared by what he saw in the room. r secret [si:krit] n. A secret is something that you do not tell other people. -» The two boys were sharing a secret. r shout [Jaut] v. To shout is to say something loudly. -+My boss shouted at me because I was late for work. r smell [smel] v. To smell something means to use your nose to sense it. -> The two friends smelled the flower. I r terrible [terabsl] adj. If something is terrible, it is very bad. -* The way he treated his classmate was terrible. r worse [wars] adj. If something is worse, it is of poorer quality than another thing. -»Business was worse this month than last month. i^ T ilQ i Circle two words that are related in each group. 1. a. laboratory b. experiment c. shout d. smell 2. a. shout b. carefully c. create d. laugh 3. a. nervous b. terrible c. approach d. worse 4. a. chemical b. secret c. loud d. noise 5. a. nervous b. adventure c. project d. scare iifrn iQ ) Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. William wanted to make a new thing, ere______ 2. I’m not having fun, so let’s go on an exciting trip, adven________ 3. Mrs. O’Malley asked me to get close to the desk and write my name, app__________ 4. Don’t worry. I won’t tell anyone your thing that other people don’t know, se________ 5. I have to finish my special job before I can go home. Check (V) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. When the jar hit the floor,__________. a. it made a very loud sound ___ b. it shouted on the ground 2. When the sun went down,__________. a. it was scared ___ b. the woods looked evil 3. To test his idea, the scientist__________. a. went on an adventure ___ b. did an experiment 4. Your phone will not work__________. a. someone kills the window b. if you don’t carefully pay attention to your power supply 5. The dog seemed unhappy when__________. a. I approached it ___ b. it created me 6. Alex likes his class because he gets to__________. a. do fun projects ___ b. be a laboratory 7. What is wrong with your hair?__________ ! a. It is a chemical ___ b. It looks terrible 8. She’s quite funny. We always__________. a. laugh at her jokes ___ b. don’t tell me your secret 9. Did you hear that?__________. a. I just made it worse ___ b. There was a noise 10. I have a very important test tomorrow.__________. a. I am nervous b. I will smell it The Laboratory Mia’s father had a laboratory, but she had no idea what was in it. Her dad always closed and locked the door when he went in. She knew that he used it to do projects for work. He never told Mia what these projects were. One night, Mia approached the door to the laboratory. She stopped and thought, “ I wonder what crazy experiment he is doing now.” Suddenly, she heard a loud noise. It sounded like an evil laugh. The noise scared her, so she walked quickly back to her room. The next night, her friend Liz came to her house. When Liz arrived, Mia told her about the night before. “ Oh, it was terrible,” she said. “Why don’t we see what is in there?” Liz asked. “ It will be a fun adventure!” Mia felt nervous about going into her father’s laboratory, but she agreed. As always, the door was locked. They waited until Mia’s father left the laboratory to eat dinner. “ He didn’t lock the door!” Liz said. “ Let’s go.” The laboratory was dark. The girls walked down the stairs carefully. Mia smelled strange chemicals. What terrible thing was her father creating? Suddenly, they heard an evil laugh. It was even worse than the one Mia heard the night before. What if a monster was going to kill them? Mia had to do something. She shouted for help. Mia’s father ran into the room and turned on the lights. “ Oh, no,” he said. “You must have learned my secret.” “Your monster tried to kill us,” Mia said. “ Monster?” he asked. “You mean this?” He had a pretty doll in his hands. The doll laughed. The laugh didn’t sound so evil anymore. “ I made this foryour birthday. I wanted to give it to you then, but you it now. I hope you like it!” Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. A girl’s terrible experiment b. A secret that two girls have c. A girl who gets nervous about what’s in a laboratory d. A man who creates chemicals 2. What scares Mia when she approaches the door? a. The room is very dark. b. She hears a person shout. c. She smells fire. d. She hears a loud noise. 3. What is true of Mia in the story? a. A monster kills her friend. b. She does not like adventures. c. She always locks the door of her room. d. Her birthday has not come yet. 4. What project was Mia’s father working on? a. A doll to give to Mia for her birthday b. A way to keep the door closed c. A chemical that smells worse than fire d. A monster that had an evil laugh 5. When did Mia and Liz go into the laboratory? r alien [eiljan] n. An alien is a creature from a different world. -♦The alien came in peace. C among [amAr]] prep. If you are among certain things, they are all around you. -*There was a red apple among the green ones. r chart [tja-a ] n. A chart is a list of information. -* We used a chart to see how we had improved. r ClOUd [klaud] n. A cloud is a group of water drops in the sky. -*The sky was filled with white clouds. r comprehend [kamprihend] v. To comprehend something is to understand it. -*Henry could not comprehend the message. r describe [diskraib] v. To describe is to say or write what someone or something is like. -* They described their tree as colorful with gold ribbon and a star. r ever [ever] adv. Ever means at any time. -* Going skiing last winter was the most fun I’ve ever had. r fail [feii] v. To fail means you do not succeed in what you try to do. -►Since he failed to get the job, he was sad. r friendly [frendli] adj. Friendly is behaving in a pleasant, kind way toward someone. -» The friendly animals came up to the girl. r grade Egreid] n. A grade is a score or mark given to someone’s work. -*I managed to get good grades on my report card.  \ 3 ) r instead [insted] adv. Instead means in place of. -* He ate the carrot instead of the ice cream. r library [laibreri] n. A library is a place where you go to read books. -* The library at school is full of books. r planet [plaenat] n. A planet is a large round thing in space. -»Saturn is the planet with the ring around it. r report [rip5:rt] n. A report is something students write for school. ->Karen had trouble writing her report. r several [several] adj. Several is more than two but not many. -* He had to read several books for class. r solve [salv] v. To solve something is to find an answer to it. -+All the students could easily solve the math problem. r suddenly JL [sAdnli] adv. If something happens suddenly, it happens quickly and unexpectedly. -»I was suddenly surprised by the cake my friends brought me. I C SUppOSe [sspouz] v. To suppose is to guess. -* I suppose I should go home now. r universe 00mevers] n. The universe is the known or supposed objects in space. -* The universe is so large that it cannot be measured. r view [vjU:] * To view is to look at something. ->Michael likes to view himself in the mirror.  Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. friendly a. space b. a list of information c. acting or behaving nicely d. a picture 2. grade a. a score or mark on someone’s work b. a small copy of something larger c. where you go to read books d. a paper written for school 3. view a. to find an answer b. to not succeed in what you try to do c. to guess d. to look at something 4. ever a. quickly and unexpectantly b. at anytime c. all around you d. to do the first thing 5. library a. space and things in space b. from a different world c. a place where books are d. a round thing in space 6. report a. many of something b. a round thing c. drops of water in the sky d. a paper 7. alien a. something written for school b. a creature from a different world c. in place of d. a small copy of something 8. chart a. a paper b. a copy c. a group d. a list 9. among a. in the middle of something b. a score or mark c. at anytime d. to understand 10. solve a. to guess b. to look at something c. to find an answer d. to not succeed in what you try to do Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. everything that exists in space a. universe b. instead c. suddenly d. view 2. not an exact amount but less than many a. ever b. among c. several d. solve 3. a creature from a different world a. report b. alien c. chart d. among 4. in place of a. solve b. suppose c. fail d. instead 5. to guess a. fail b. suppose c. view d. comprehend & Exercise 3 Choose the word that is a better fit for each sentence. 1. ever / describe What would be the most awesome gift you’ve___________ received? _______________your home to me. 2. alien(s) / chart This_________.tells what time the TV shows will play. I saw a movie about ______________ from another planet. 3. planet / universe I thinkthe most interesting. is Saturn. I wonder how the________ began. 4. fail / solve Do you like to_______________ hard math problems? If I do not know the answers, I will_______________ the test. 5. several/view ______________ days ago, I lost my backpack. The girls in my class like to_______________ pictures of pop stars. The Report Lee sat among the books at the library and thought about his group project. They had to turn it in soon, but he hadn’t even started his part! Jack and Claire were in his group. They had worked hard. They were also very smart, and Lee didn’t want them to get a bad grade. Jack did the report. He wrote a lot of very good sentences and described things with great adjectives. Claire drew a nice map of the stars. Now, Lee needed to do his part of the project. “Well, I suppose I need to start my model,” Lee thought. Making a model of a planet was really hard. Lee tried to read several books, but he couldn’t comprehend any of the charts. “We’re going to fail because of me!” Lee said. He put his head down on the table and said, “ I wish I could see a planet, instead of having to read about it!” Suddenly, there was a bright light. Lee was pulled from his chair, through the roof, and right into a strange ship! “ Hello, kid,” said an alien. “ Did you ask for help?” Lee told the friendly alien all about his project. The alien agreed to help Lee solve his problem. “ First, we’ll fly through space to view the universe. Then, I can help you make a model of my planet.” Soon, they were going through the clouds. They passed the moon. Then they viewed Mars. Lee was very excited. Instead of a bad grade, his group would have the best project ever! “ It’s time to go home,” the alien finally said. On the way back, he helped Lee make a model of the planet Mars. Soon, they were on Earth. “Thanks,” Lee said. “ My model will be awesome!” Then he took his model and said goodbye to his new friend. Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. Why a smart boy fails a class b. A boy’s trip into the universe c. A boy who wants to write instead of draw d. An alien living in a library 2. What is Lee unable to comprehend? a. Howto make a model of a planet b. Why there are maps among the books c. Where the best place is to view the stars d. Howto read the information in a chart 3. What can you suppose is true of the group’s report? a. It has three sentences. b. It must describe clouds. c. It is not due until several days. d. It is about the stars and planets. 4. What did the alien want to do to help Lee? a. Get several books from the library b. Hear the best report ever c. Make the model of a planet d. Solve his own problems 5. What planet did Lee see on his trip? r appropriate [aprouprieit] adj. When a thing is appropriate, it is right or normal. -* It’s appropriate to wear a suit when you go to the office. r avoid [avoid] v. To avoid something is to stay away from it. -♦Avoid the broken bottle on the floor. r behave [biheiv] v. To behave is to act in a particular way, especially to be good. -* She always behaves well when her father is around. r calm [ka:m] adj. When someone is calm, they do not get excited or upset. -»A nice warm bath makes me feel so calm. r concern [ksn sam ] n. Concern is a feeling of worry. -»I was filled with concern after reading the newspaper. r content [kantent] adj. To be content is to be happy and not want more. -» The baby looked very content sitting on the floor. r expect [ikspekt] v. If you expect something to happen, you believe it will happen. -* I expect the bus to be here very soon. r frequently [fri:kwantli] adv. When something happens frequently, it happens often. -*We meet frequently, either at the beginning or ending of the week. r habit [haebit] n. A habit is a thing that you do often. -»Smoking is a bad habit that can kill you. r instruct [instrAkt] v. To instruct is to teach. -*My teacher instructs us in several subjects. r issue Bfu:] n. An issue is an important topic. -* The men spoke about issues that were important to the people. r l l O n e [nAn] pron. None means not any of someone or something. -♦He spent all his money. There is none left. r patient [peijant] adj. If a person is patient, they don’t become angry or upset easily. -»I had to be patient and wait until 5 o’clock to leave. r positive [pazativ] adj. If something is positive, it is good. -*She has a positive future ahead of her after finishing college. r punish [pAniJ] v. To punish means to make someone suffer for breaking the rules or laws. -* To punish me, my teacher had me stand in the corner. r represent [reprizent] v. To represent is to speak or act for a person or group. -» My lawyer will represent me in court. r shake [jeiki v. To shake is to move back and forth or up and down quickly. -♦When people shake hands, it usually means they agree. r spread [spredj v. To spread is to move quickly to more places. -* I like to spread butter on my toast. r stroll [stroul] v. To stroll means to walk slowly and calmly. -* My dog and I strolled through the park today. r village n. A village is a very small town. -* There are only a few houses in my village. 27  Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The story about the police dog got to many people in town, spr______ 2. I was happy to sit and listen to music all night, con________ 3. The house will move back and forth if a strong wind blows, sh______ 4. I waited for the monster to come out of the cave, ex____________ 5. I didn’t want to talk to my sister, so I staved away from her. av______ Check (V) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. Before Kimberly sang,__________. a. the teacher reminded everyone to behave b. she instructed the people to go to sleep 2. When we heard the loud sound,__________. a. I turned around out of habit b. there was none left 3. The man told us to be quiet,__________. a. so I decided to stroll through town b. so I knew it was not appropriate to talk 4. They asked us to wait,__________. a. so I felt concerned about them b. so I had to be patient 5. I met a new friend yesterday, and__________. a. frequently I would sit and read b. I shook his hand Check (V) the sentence with the bolded word that makes better sense. 1. __ a. The girl’s positive words made me feel better. b. We tookthe village out of the house. 2. __ a. The calm girl yelled a lot. b. The team members asked Kate to represent them at the dinner. 3. __ a. I was content to stay at home by the warm fire. b. My mom punished me for doing my homework. 4. __ a. The man expected me to say yes. b. The issue did not taste very good. 5. __ a. I behaved wisely while I was asleep. b. I avoided my friend because she had laughed at me. 6. __ a. At first I was nervous, but then I started to feel calm. b. The angry bear looked content. 7. __ a. When my dog died, it made me feel positive. b. Few people live in the village. 8. __ a. I wanted to avoid food, so I bought a sandwich. b. The class needed to talk about the issue. 9. ___ a. The students behaved quite well for their new teacher. b. Students are expected to be late to class. 10. a. I was punished because I broke the window. b. The man represented the award to the girl. The Dog’s Bell John’s dog was a bad dog. He bit people frequently. John had great concern about this. It was not an appropriate way for a dog to behave. His friends in the village always expected the dog to bite them. The news about John’s dog spread through the village. None of the people wanted to go to John’s house. John tried to instruct the dog to behave, but it never worked. He tried to be patient and teach the dog to be calm. That also didn’t work. John didn’t want to punish the dog. “ How will I stop my dog’s bad habit?” John asked himself. John’s friend came to talk to him about the issue. During their important meeting, his friend said, “The people in the village asked me to represent them. We want your dog to stop this habit. Why don’t you put a bell around the dog’s neck? This way, we would hear your dog coming down the street.” John thought this was a great idea. Now, people could stay away from the dog. It would not be able to bite anyone anymore. The dog liked the bell, too. People looked at him when they heard his bell. This made the dog very content. He liked the song the bell played when he walked. One day, John’s dog strolled through the village and met some other dogs. He expected them to want a bell like his. But they laughed at his bell. They said the bell made people avoid him. John’s dog shook his head. “ No, they look at me because they like the bell.” The other dogs said, “You have the wrong idea of what makes you popular. Of course they like your bell. It tells them where you are so they can avoid you. You aren’t able to bite them anymore!” You see, being popular isn’t something positive when it’s for the wrong reason. Answer the questions. 1. What is this story mainly about? a. A dog that is frequently bad b. A dog’s stroll through town c. A content man and his dog d. A village that liked John’s dog 2. What is true of the dog? a. He likes none of John’s friends. b. He shakes his head too much. c. He bites when it’s not appropriate. d. He expects people to be calm around him. 3. Why did the issue with the dog bother John? a. People didn’t think of John in a positive way. b. People avoided going to John’s house. c. People didn’t want John to represent them. d. People didn’t like the song that John played. 4. What did John do to stop the dog’s bad habit? a. He instructed the dog on learning tricks. b. He punished the dog for biting. c. He was patient and showed concern. d. He put a bell around the dog’s neck. 5. What did the other dogs say about the bell?  Word us* r aware [avrcar] adj. If you are aware of something, you know about it. -+1was not aware of the ringing phone. c badly [baedli] adv. Badly means in a severe or harmful way. -* He hurt his arm badly playing with friends. r belong Noon] v. If something belongs to you, you own it. -» The blue suit belongs to Paul. r continue [kantinju:] V. To continue something is to keep doing it. -* She stood under her umbrella as the rain continued to fall. r error lerad n. An error is something you do wrong. ->I made an error on my report, so my boss was angry. r experience Okspisrians] n. An experience is something you have seen or done. -* Rock climbing was a fun experience. r field m xa n. A field is a big area of land. -» The field of flowers looked so pretty. r hurt [hairt] v. To hurt is to do something that makes you feel pain. -»She hurt her leg falling down the stairs. r judgment [d3Ad3mant] n. Judgment is the ability to form opinions or decisions. -* It’s good judgment to recycle your aluminum cans. c likely [laikli] adv. If something likely happens, it will probably happen. — I will likely stay at home and watch TV tonight. r normal [normal] adj. If something is normal, it is not strange nor surprising to you. -* It is normal for me to bathe every night. r rare [rear] adj. If something is rare, you do not see it very often. -*It is rare for him to miss his flight. r relax [rilseks] v. To relax is to rest. -♦The frog relaxed in the warm sun. r request [rikwest] v. To request something is to ask for it. -*The little girl requested a special gift from Santa Claus. r reside [ri:zaid] * To reside means to live somewhere permanently or for a long time. -* My brother and his family reside in a lovely house on the beach. r result tnzAit] n. A result is something that happens because of something else. -»Asa result of all the rain, the man had to climb on the roof. r roll [roui] v. To roll is to move by turning over and over. -* You must roll the ball into the pins when you bowl. C since [Sins] prep. Since is used to talk about a past event still happening now. -* Since 1992, he has been driving that car. r visible [vizabsl] adj. If something is visible, it can be seen. The moon and stars were visible in the night sky. r wild [waild] adj. If something is wild, it is found in nature. -» You should be careful around a fox, because it is a wild animal. 33 Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. roll a. to rest b. a rule c. to grow d. to move by turning 2. error a. a nice man b. very old c. something you do wrong d. open land 3. hurt a. to disagree b. how much something costs c. from nature d. to do something that causes pain 4. reside a. to relax b. to live in a place for long c. something that can be seen d. to know about something 5. relax a. to keep going b. a large group of people c. to rest d. to move 6. continue a. to be in the right place b. to stay c. to have d. to keep doing something 7. normal a. the perfect amount b. friendly c. not strange d. different 8. rare a. quiet b. not full c. interesting d. not seen often 9. visible a. from nature b. easy to see c. new d. normal 10. field a. open land b. to reside c. a thing d. a tool  Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. in a severe or harmful way a. continue b. wild c. judgment d. badly 2. the ability to form opinions or decisions a. experience b. reside c. judgment d. result 3. to fit or be inthe right place a. roll b. relax c. continue d. belong 4. not strange or different a. normal b. visible c. uncommon d. aware 5. to do something that makes you feel pain a. rare b. hurt c. error d. since Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. My day at school was not strange, nor______ 2. The bird was from nature. wi___ 3. Sorry I can’t come; I’m feeling discomfort in my body. h______ 4. He’s going to rest instead of going to the movie. r________ 5. The man walked through a large area of land, f The Jackal and the Sun Child A jackal is a wild dog with a big black back. It resides in the desert. But how did the jackal get his black back? This was how it happened. One day, the jackal saw a girl. She was sitting upon a rock. She was not a normal child. She was a rare and beautiful sun child. She was bright and warm like the sun. The child saw the jackal and smiled. She said, “Jackal, I have been relaxing on this rock for too long. I must get home soon. But, I am slow and you are fast. You will likely get me home more quickly.” Then she requested, “Will you carry me home? If you do, I’ll give you a gift. This necklace belongs to me, but I will give it to you.” The wild jackal agreed. So the sun child sat on the dog’s back. They started to walk. But soon, the jackal felt ill. The sun child was very hot on his back. The heat was hurting his back very badly. “ I made a terrible error in judgment.” he thought. He shouldn’t have agreed to carry her. So he asked her to get off. But she did not. The jackal’s back continued to get hotter and hotter. He had to get away from the sun child. So he made a plan. First, he ran as fast as he could. He hoped the sun child would fall off. But she did not. So when the sun child was looking at the sky, not aware of the jackal’s next plan, he jumped into a field of flowers. As a result, the child rolled off his back. The jackal ran away. But the sun child left a mark on the jackal’s back, a visible black mark. Ever since his experience with the sun child, the jackal has had a black back. Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. Why the sun child has a beautiful smile b. Why a wild dog hurt a sun child c. An error that the sun child once made d. How the jackal got his visible black mark 2. What kind of girl was the sun child? a. She was rare and beautiful. b. She was likely very shy. c. She was an ill child. d. She was a normal child. 3. Why did the jackal run into the field? a. To continue his journey b. It wanted a new place to reside. c. To take a nap and relax d. To get away from the sun child 4. What happened at the end of the story? a. The sun child forgot the experience. b. The sun child became aware of the jackal’s black back. c. The sun child rolled off the jackal’s back. d. The sun child has stayed upon the jackal’s back since then. 5. What did the sun child request?  Word List r advantage [advaentid3] n. An advantage is something that helps you. — Being tall is an advantage to a basketball player. r cause [ko:z] v. To cause is to make something happen. -*The cold weather caused her to get sick. r choice [tjois] n. A choice is the act or possibility of picking something. -» I had my choice of five doors to open. r community [kamjuinati] n. A community is a group of people who live together. -►The kids from my community usually play together. dead [ded] adj. To be dead is to not be alive. -* A dead person is usually buried in the ground. r distance [distans] n. The distance between two things is how far it is between them. -» The distance between the Earth and the Moon is 384,400 kilometers. r escape [iskeip] v. To escape is to run away from something bad. — The butterfly could not escape from the cage. r face tfeis] v. If you face a problem, you deal with it. -* My sister and I have to find a better way to face our differences. r follow [falou] v. To follow means to go behind someone and go where they go. -♦The little boy followed his mother home. r fright [frait] n. Fright is the feeling of being scared. -»She was filled with fright. r ghost [goust] n. A ghost is the spirit of a dead person. -* Many people are afraid of ghosts. r individual [indavid3ual] n. An individual is one person. -» Only one individual could win the bicycle race. r pet [pet] n. A pet is an animal that lives with people. — Out of all my pets, the dog is my favorite. r reach Dttj] v. To reach means to arrive at a place. -* I was happy to finally reach my destination. r return [ritsrn] v. To return is to go back to a place. -* I was happy to return home to my mom after school. r survive [sarvaiv] v. To survive is to stay alive. -*My dog survived her fall into the water. r upset [Apset] adj. To be upset is to be unhappy about something. -*She was upset because she broke her toy. r voice [vois] n. A voice is the sound a person makes when they talk or sing. -»He used a microphone, so everyone could hear his voice. r weather [weSar] n. The weather is the condition of the air: hot, rainy, windy, etc. -+The weather can be sunny, rainy, or cold. ^ W is e [waiz] adj. To be wise is to use experience and intelligence to make good choices. -* Many people believe that owls are very wise animals. 3,  Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. Sam was happy to go back to his house, re n 2. Her grandfather is a smart old man, wi____ 3. William wanted an animal to live with. P ____ 4. He studies what the condition of the air is like. we__________ 5. I have to deal with my rising credit card bill, f ______ Choose the word that is a better fit for each sentence. 1. fright/ghost The_______________ lives in the old house. A scary place might cause______________. 2. dead / upset The tree fell down because it was_______________. I was_______________ when I got a bad grade on the test. 3. advantage / reached After 10 hours of driving, I finally_______________ California. He is smart and has a(n)_______________ in class. 4. escape / distance He wanted to_______________ from the room. He lived a long_______________ from the school. 5. community / individual The man is a nice______________. The town is a small Check (V ) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. It rained for two days,__________. a. and caused the river to rise __ b. it was dead 2. As I was walking home from school today,_________. a. I was a ghost b. I hardly noticed that a dog was following me 3. After my vacation,__________. a. I returned to work b. I was an advantage 4. Many people like him__________. a. because they make him upset ___ b. because he is a wise man 5. They are afraid of the king because___________. a. he has too much power b. he has a quiet voice 6. I love my dog.__________. a. He’s my favorite pet b. He causes fright 7. I like living here because__________. a. I make many choices b. it is a nice community 8. I want to live in Hawaii because___________. a. it has good weather b. smoking causes lung cancer 9. The storm was very bad, but__________. a. all of the people survived ___ b. it went a very longdistance 10. We closed the door, but___________ a. the dog escaped b. it was an individual The Friendly Ghost A nice woman lived by a large river. She loved children. She wanted to help them in any way. She loved her community, and everyone in the community loved her. She lived a very long time and became very wise. When she died, she became a ghost. She was dead, but every night she returned to her community. She wanted to help children and not to cause them fright. But she had a scary voice. Children were afraid of her, but the ghost was a good one. She only scared them to help them. One night, some children and a dog were playing by the river. They were having fun with their pet. But they were far from home. Then the weather became bad. It rained and rained. The river was rising. It was very dark. The children knew they were lost. They needed to go north, but they didn’t know which direction it was. When the moon came out, they saw a ghost by the river. The ghost said, “Go away!” The children felt great fright. They knew it was a ghost. Then the ghost moved closer. She yelled again, “ Go away!” The children became very upset. Some of them began to cry. The children knew they had a choice: they could escape, or they could stay and face this scary individual in the dark. The children ran a long distance away. The ghost followed them all the way. Finally, the children reached home. The ghost was very happy. Soon the river rose higher and higher. It was very dangerous. The ghost had helped the children survive! She had saved them from the rising water. She also used her power to lead them home. Sometimes, meeting a ghost has advantages. A ghost can save your Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. How a ghost returns to help her community b. How a wise pet helps children escape a ghost c. Why an individual has a job in the north d. How some children escaped bad weather 2. What caused fright in the children? a. The power of the moon at night b. The bad weather near the river c. The voice of the ghost d. Their dead pet 3. What was true of the children in the story? a. Their home was a short distance from the river. b. They had the advantage of being ghosts. c. They didn’t like to play near the river. d. They were upset when they saw the ghost. 4. Why did the ghost scare the children? a. She wanted to help them. b. She had no other choice. c. She was afraid of their pet. d. She didn’t want them to see her. 5. Where did the woman live? I f ADMIT”1® r allow [alau] v. a ONE To allow something to happen means to let it happen. -* Having a ticket will allow you to enter the show. r announce fenauns] v. To announce something is to make it known. -*He announced to everyone his new idea for the company. r beside [bisaid] prep. When someone or something is beside you, they are next to you. — The two brothers stood beside each other. r challenge [tjceiind3] n. A challenge is something difficult to complete. -+It was a challenge to climb to the top of the mountain. r claim [kleim] v. To claim means to say that something is true. -+He claimed to know why the country’s laws were weak. r condition [kandijan] n. The condition of someone or something is the state that they are in. -* The patient’s condition was very good. r contribute [kantribju:t] v. To contribute to something means to do something to make it successfi -» We decided to contribute money to the new hospital. r difference [difsrans] n. A difference is a way that something is not like other things. ->The biggest difference between the birds is the color of their feathers. d fe\ r divide [divaid] v. To divide something is to make it into smaller parts. -» We divided the pizza. I r expert [ekspa:rt] n. An expert is someone who is very good at doing something. -♦The wizard was an expert at magic. f> famous [feimas] adj. If someone or something is famous, they are known to many people. -» The Eiffel Tower in Paris is very famous. r force [fo:rs] n. Force is a person’s strength or power. -»He used all his force to try and open the door. c harm [ha™] n. Harm is hurt or problems caused to someone or something. -+A hot iron can cause great harm if you are not careful. r lay m v. To lay means to put or place in a horizontal or flat position. -♦ Don’t lay your socks on the floor. r peace IpN n. Peace is a time without war. -»A white dove is a symbol for peace. r prince [prins] n. A prince is the son of a king. -+The prince and the princess were married. r protect [pratekt] v. To protect someone is to stop them from getting hurt. -* Firemen protect us from fires. O sense [sens] V. To sense something is to know about it without being told. -»I could sense that he was watching me. r sudden [sAdn] adj. When something is sudden, it happens very quickly. -♦He felt a sudden pain in his chest. r therefore [d£a:rfo:r] adv. Therefore means for this reason. -»He is fat. Therefore, he will go on a diet.  Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. something difficult that you have to do a. condition b. sense c. challenge d. divide 2. the son of a king a. prince b. expert c. famous d. force 3. to do something to help succeed a. contribute b. sudden c. harm d. peace 4. for this reason a. allow b. therefore c. announce d. beside 5. to stop someone from getting hurt a. claim b. protect c. lay d. difference Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. Sarah let Tim go to the game, alio______ 2. The child promised not to hurt our cat. h a r_ 3. She was a well-known writer in our town, fam______ 4. You should say it’s true that you never lie, cl 5. The food was cut into smaller parts so we could all eat. Check (V) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. It wasn’t right for the coach__________. a. to make the race such a challenge ___ b. to allow me to play 2. My sister and I were fighting.__________. a. We announced the winners b. My sister claimed she didn’t like me 3. Everyone knew her__________. a. because I stood beside her ___ b. because she was famous 4. The man would not buy the bike__________. a. because of his difference b. because of its bad condition 5. No one could win against Sally__________. a. because she was an expert ___ b. because she never used force 6. We were scared because the dog__________. a. might harm us b. might bring us peace 7. The police wanted__________. a. to protect us from danger b. to not make any sense 8. You are too sick to play outside.__________. a. Don’t lay your feet on the table ___ b. Therefore, play inside 9. She was surprised by__________. a. the expected amount contributed by the animals b. the sudden noise outside 10. Please be fair__________. a. when you meet the prince b. when you divide the land The Best Prince King Minos was very sick. His condition was getting worse. He had three sons. He loved them all. He had to announce who would become king. Two of the princes stood waiting outside the king’s room. Theseus was the oldest and strongest. He thought his father would make him king. Pelias, the second son, thought differently. He was an expert with weapons. He thought the king would choose him. “When I’m king,” Theseus told Pelias, “ I’ll let you contribute to the defense of our country. You can lead the army.” Pelias became angry. “ Father knows I’m famous for my sword skills. He’ll make me king.” “You?” Theseus yelled. “ He won’t choose you!” “The kingdom is mine!” Pelias claimed. “ Father will give it to me—or I’ll use force to take it!” Theseus made a sudden move to take out his sword. Then Pelias did the same. “ Beating me will be a challenge,” Theseus said. “ Fight me now. The winner gets the kingdom!” Pelias agreed. King Minos could hear his sons fighting. The youngest son, Jason, stood beside him. He sensed his father’s sadness. The king laid his hand flat on Jason’s arm. “Your brothers fight too much,” the king told him. “ I must protect my kingdom from all harm. They’ll divide it between them. The people won’t know what to do. There’ll be war. I can’t allow either of them to be king. Therefore, I’m making you king. Your kindness has always made you special. It’s the difference between you and your brothers. You can bring peace. They can’t.” Then the king died. Theseus and Pelias heard that their youngest brother was king. They were surprised. They realized that their fighting was wrong. It had kept them from saying goodbye to their father. They agreed to have Jason as their king. He was the best choice. rp I Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. A sudden fight between kings b. A kind prince who got a kingdom c. An expert sister and a famous king d. The challenge to divide the kingdom 2. What did the king need to protect the kingdom from? a. The fighting between the two princes b. The harm caused by sudden fights c. The differences between the three brothers d. The poor condition of the king’s army 3. What was probably true of Jason in the story? a. He wanted to bring peace to the kingdom. b. The challenge of being king was too much for him. c. He wanted harm to come to his brothers. d. He hoped to divide the kingdom. 4. What was the difference between Jason and his brothers? a. He was an expert with weapons. b. He was older and stronger. c. He made more sense. d. He had always been kind. 5. What did the king have to announce?  r accept [aeksept] v. To accept something that is offered is to take it. -►I accepted the girl’s very nice gift. r arrange [areind3] v. To arrange things is to put them in the right place. -* Please arrange the bowling pins in order so we can play. r attend [stend] v. To attend something is to go to it. -►My sister and I attend the same school. r balance [bselans] v. To balance something is to keep it from falling. -+We saw an elephant balance itself on a ball. r contrast [kantraest] n. A contrast is the sharp difference between two things. The contrast between my parents is very noticeable. r encourage [inka:rid3] v. To encourage someone is to make them want to do something. -* My football coach will encourage us when we are losing. r familiar [familjar] adj. If someone or something is familiar to you, you know them well. -* The two friends were very familiar with each other. r grab [graeb] v. To grab is to take a hold of someone or something suddenly. -♦/grabbed a pear from the tree. r hang thaer)] v. To hang something is to keep it above the ground. -+1drew a picture of my family, and my mother hung it on the wall. r huge [hju:d3] adj. If something is huge, it is very big. -►At work, my father drives a huge truck. 50 r necessary [nesaseri] adj. If something is necessary, you must do it. -»It is necessary to have a passport when you travel to a foreign country. r pattern [paetarn] n. A pattern is a way in which something is done or organized. -»My pattern of brushing my teeth is the same as most people’s. C propose [prapouz] M. To propose something is to say that it should be done. -»Santa Claus proposed that I try to be a good boy all year. r purpose [parpas] n. A purpose is the reason that you do something. -» The purpose of exercising is to get into shape. r release [nii-.s] * To release something is to stop holding it. -»She released the bird from her hands. r require [rikwaiar] v. To require something is to say that it is necessary. -*We require teachers to have a university degree. r single [si'ngsl] adj. If something is single, then there is only one. -* I have a single key in my hand. C SUCCeSS [sakses] n. Success is doing something well that you choose to do. -* My daughter was a big success at school. r tear [tear] v. To tear something means to pull it apart. ->It is easy to tear paper. r theory [ei:ari] n. A theory is an idea about how something works. -» We talked about Einstein’s theory of relativity in class. Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. She looks like someone that I know well, fami________ 2. Drinking water is something that she must do. neces________ 3. He has an idea of how the machine works, the______ 4. The reason that 1am doing this is to help children, pur________ 5. My teacher will make me want to get good grades, enc____________ 6. I agree with your idea. I think it will work. ac________ 7. It is difficult to keep from falling when you stand on one foot, ba__________ 8. Her routine of exercising after work is common for many people. P a ____________ 9. There is a big difference between day and night. c ______________ 10. The Earth has a solitary moon, s G 3 3 0 Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. used when something must be done a. propose b. hang c. require d. tear 2. to stop something from falling down a. balance b. arrange c. attend d. release 3. a way that something is very different a. grab b. success c. accept d. contrast 4. an idea about something a. theory b. familiar c. necessary d. encourage 5. the only one a. pattern b. single c. huge d. attend B O O Check (V ) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. It started to rain,____________. a. it hung on the wall b. so I grabbed my umbrella. 2. When she heard I was leaving,____________. a. she proposed a party b. she had huge fun 3. Don’t pull on my shirt, or____________. a. you might tear it b. you might arrange it 4. If you try hard,____________. a. you can attend many things ___ b. you will have success 5. When I catch fish,____________. a. I usually release them back into the water b. they require a good dinner How the Sun and the Moon Were Made Do you ever wonder where the moon and the sun came from? The Inuit people of Alaska have a theory. They tell a story about a beautiful girl. She was very nice. In contrast, her brother was a mean little boy. One day he proposed something. “We should go to a party,” he said. The girl accepted. First, it was necessary for her to prepare. She arranged her hair and put on nice clothes. This required a lot of time. But the girl worked hard, and soon she had success. She looked perfect. They attended the party together. The girl was having fun. Later, she walked into the bathroom. Suddenly, the lights were turned off! Someone grabbed her hair and tore her clothes. She ran out of the bathroom. She wanted to know who did this to her. Then she had an idea. She fixed her hair again. This time it was even more beautiful. She even balanced beautiful jewels in it. She wanted to encourage the person to grab it again. She put black dirt in her hair. The purpose of this was to catch the person. She went to the bathroom again, and it was the same pattern. The lights went off, and someone grabbed her hair. When he released it, his hand was black. The girl returned to the party. She knew there was only a single person with a black hand. When she saw that person, he was very familiar. It was her brother! He ran into the woods. The girl ran after him. They both carried fire so they could see in the dark. The smoke went into the air. As they ran, they grew. They became huge. Then they went into space. When the girl’s fire went out, she hung in the sky. She became the moon, and her brother became the sun. They chase each other forever. Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. The contrast between the sun and the moon b. A theory of how the moon and the sun were made c. The purpose of the sun and the moon d. Why it is necessary for the moon to balance in the sky 2. Why does the girl encourage someone to grab her hair? a. She doesn’t want him to tear her dress. b. She wants to become huge and hang in the sky. c. She wants to know who grabbed her hair. d. She wants the party to be a success. 3. What was true of the boy in the story? a. He accepted the invitation when his sister proposed a party. b. He didn’t want to attend the party. c. He was the only person with a black hand. d. He wore a shirt with a beautiful pattern. 4. Why does the girl become angry? a. The boy doesn’t release her hair. b. She is required to arrange her hair. c. The smoke from her fire went into the air. d. She sees someone familiar with a black hand. 5. How does the girl get ready for the party?  Word list r against [agenst] prep. To be against something is to be touching it or opposed to it. -*They both leaned against the wall. r- beach n. The beach is a sandy or rocky place by the ocean. -* The little girl built a sandcastle on the beach. r damage [dsemid3l v. To damage something is to break it. -* The car was damaged in the accident. r discover [diskAva/-] v. To discover something is to find it for the first time. -*I discovered some new information in this book! r emotion [imoujan] n. An emotion is how you feel. -*Anger is a common emotion that we all feel. r fix [fiks] v. To fix something is to make it work. -»My dad has many tools to help him fix broken things. r frank [fraenk] adj. If you are frank, you are being very honest. -» The teacher had a frank discussion with her students. r identify laidentafai] v. To identify something is to be able to name it. -►I used the file to identify his name. r island [ailand] n. An island is land in the middle of water. -►japan is a group of islands. ^ ocean [oujan] n. The ocean is all of the salt water that surrounds land. -»The ocean can make powerful waves. r perhaps [parhaeps] adv. Perhaps is used when you say that something could happen. ->Perhaps I will eat an apple for lunch. r pleasant [pleznt] adj. If something is pleasant, you enjoy it. -►The character had a pleasant look on its face. r prevent [privent] v. To prevent something is to stop it from happening. -►The handcuffs prevented me from moving my hands. r rock [rak] n. A rock is a hard thing in the dirt. ->I stacked rocks on top of one another. r save [seiv] v. To save something is to keep it from being hurt. -»I want to help save the world. r Step [step] v. To step is to walk. -►Be careful where you step. r still [stii] adv. Still is used when you say that a situation keeps going on. ->They are still waiting in line to get tickets. O ta S te [teist] n. A taste is the flavor something makes in your mouth. -* The taste of the fruit was sweet. r throw [erou] v. To throw something is to use your hand to make it go through the air. -*The pitcher can throw the baseball very fast. r wave [weiv] n. A wave is a line of water that moves higher than the rest of the water. -♦The water was filled with large blue waves. 57 Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. wave a. to pass from physical life b. salt water that surrounds land c. a raised line of water d. land in the middle of water 2. taste a. to hurt b. to find c. flavor d. to walk 3. against a. to be touching something b. to stop from happening c. maybe d. enjoyable 4. rock a. feelings b. a place by the ocean c. honest d. a hard thing in the ground 5. throw a. to name something b. to put something into the air c. to make something work d. to stop something from being hurt 6. island a. land b. saltwater c. feelings d. hard thing 7. discover a. to be nice b. to find something c. to stop d. to name 8. step a. to keep from harm b. to be next to c. to walk d. to hurt 9. beach a. water that comes on land b. a sandy or rocky place by the ocean c. the flavor of something d. something could happen 10. fix a. to make something work b. to pass from physical life c. to be honest d. to make something move in the air Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. to be touching something a. beach b. against c. discover d. wave 2. to break something a. identify b. maybe c. damage d. ocean 3. a way that you feel a. prevent b. emotion c. rock d. pleasant 4. very honest a. still b. step c. throw d. frank 5. land in the middle of water a. save b. taste c. island d. fix a Choose the word that is a better fit for each sentence. 1. wave / beach I like to play on the______________. The big_______________ pushed the swimmer back. 2. ocean / island They walked across the to find food. I am scared of some animals that live in the 3. fix / damage My dad knows how to_______________ cars. If you______________ the light, we won’t be able to see at night. 4. still / rock We have to go around that large______________. We are______________ planning to go to Florida this winter. 5. step / throw Do you know how to_______________ a football? Please______________ into the house. The Starfish Last summer I took a trip to an island. I had a lot of fun. I sat and watched the waves and listened to the ocean. I learned to identify birds. I discovered pretty things and enjoyed the taste of new foods. It was a very nice time. One evening I took a pleasant walk by the ocean. When the waves came in, many starfish* fell on the beach. Some starfish went back into the water, and they were safe. But other starfish were still on the sand. They would die if they did not get into the water. There were many starfish on the beach that night. It made me sad, but I knew I could not fix the problem. I stepped very carefully so I did not damage them. Then I saw a little girl. She was also sad about the starfish. She wanted to prevent all of them from dying. She asked me if I could perhaps help her. “To be frank, I don’t think we can do anything,” I said. The little girl started to cry. She sat back against a rock and thought for a while. Finally, the emotion was gone. She stopped crying and stood up. Then she picked up a starfish and threw it into the water. “What are you doing?” I asked her. But she did not answer me. She just threw as many starfish as she could. “You cannot save all of them!” I said. She stopped to look at me. “ No, I cannot save them all,” she replied. Then she picked up a very big starfish and said, “ But I can save this one.” And then she smiled and threw the starfish as far as she could into the ocean. *starfish - an animal shaped like a star that lives in the water Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. A girl who wants to save starfish b. How to throw starfish c. A girl who is too frank d. Birds and animals at the ocean 2. What causes the little girl’s emotion? a. She cannot fix the damage she finds to homes. b. She cannot prevent starfish from dying in the sand. c. She discovers starfish in the water. d. She steps on a rock and hurts her foot. 3. What does the man think is NOT good about the island? a. Watching the waves b. Identifying birds c. The starfish dying on the sand d. Tasting new food 4. What does the girl think the man can perhaps do? a. Identify birds b. Take a walk on the beach c. Discover something pretty d. Help her save starfish 5. Which starfish were safe on the beach? b e n e f i t [benefit] n. A benefit is a good thing. — Being able to fly is a good benefit to birds. certain [ss:rtan] adj. If you are certain about something, you know it is true. -*I am certain that zebras have stripes. chance [tjsens] n. A chance is an opportunity to do something. -►I had a chance to see the Roman Coliseum last summer. effect [ifekt] n. An effect is a change made by something else. -+The medicine had a good effect on the boy. essential [isenjal] adj. If something is essential, it is very important and necessary. -* It is essential to have oxygen when you scuba dive. far [fa:/-] adj. If something is far, it is not close. -♦It’s far going from the east coast to the west coast ofAmerica. focus [foukas] v. To focus on something is to think about it and pay attention to it. -♦My mom always helps me to focus on my school work. function [fAqA-jan] n. The function of something is what it does. -» The function of a flashlight is to help you see in the dark. grass [graes] n. Grass is the green leaves that cover the ground. -►The grass looked so soft and green. g u a rd [gard] v. To guard something is to take care of it. -* The police officer will guard us from any harm. c image Efmid3] n. The image of something is a picture of it. -* The image of her eye was very clear. r immediate [imkdiat] adj. If something is immediate, it happens quickly. -+An immediate response came from the pizza place. r primary [praimeri] adj. If something is primary, it is the most important thing. -* His primary thoughts are about money. r proud [praud] adj. If someone feels proud, they are happy about what they have done. -»She is proud of the picture she drew of her house. r remain [nmein] v. To remain somewhere is to stay there. -» My sister had to remain home since she was sick. r rest [rest] /. To rest is to stop being active while the body gets back its strength. -*I rested on the couch after work. r separate [separeit] adj. If two things are separate, they are not together. -»New York and Los Angeles are in two separate parts ofAmerica. r Site [sait] n. A site is a place. -» We found the perfect site for our picnic. r tail [teii] n. A tail is a part of an animal’s body, sticking out from its rear or back. Our dog wags its tail when it’s happy. r trouble [trAbsO n. Trouble is a problem ora difficulty. -♦I have trouble working with my boss. Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. It is very important that you call your mother soon, essen________ 2. The good thing about being old is that you know many things, bene______ 3. I have problems with my science homework, tro________ 4. I am sure that she will come to his party, cer________ 5. The job of the stove is to cook, fun__________ 6. That is the place where they met, si____ 7. I saw his picture on TV. i ________ 8. The twins don’t like to be apart. s ______________ 9. I like to stay at home on the weekends, r__________ 10. His part that comes out of his rear was shaking because he was happy, t  V £23@ ) Choose the word that is a better fit for each sentence. 1. effect / benefit The______________ of the rain was slippery roads. The______________ of waking up early is being at work on time. 2. primary / immediate She had to make a(an)_______________ phone call. The______________ cause of my problems is laziness. 3. rested / proud He was_______________when he got the best score. We_______________under the shade of a tree. 4. far / separate Her new school is______________ from here. She and her best friend hate to be in_______________ classrooms. 5. guard / remain I have to______________ my money from my little brother. I have to______________ in school for four more years. G S S E ) Check (V) the one that suits the blank naturally. 1. Every year for my birthday,________________. a. I return to the site of my birth ___ b. my cat has a short tail 2. I believe her_________________. a. because she has a chance to lie ___ b. because she’s certain of the facts 3. My new watch is great.________________. a. It has many functions b. It causes me trouble 4. I was afraid________________. a. because I thought of a scary image of a snake b. because I didn’t focus on my work 5. I eat many fruits________________. a. because they are essential for good health b. because they taste like grass The First Peacock Argos lived in Ancient Greece. He was a husband and a proud father. He worked hard and did well at his job. But one thing about him wasn’t normal. He was born with 100 eyes. Having many eyes was usually a benefit to him. He had a chance to see many things. Also, since he had so many eyes, he was very good at guarding things. While sleeping, he only rested a few eyes at a time. The others stayed awake. He worked for Hera, a great goddess. His primary function was to guard a special cow. The cow was very important to Hera. It was her favorite pet. The most essential part of his job was to keep the cow alone. It had to be kept separate from all the other cows and far away from people. This was an easy job for Argos. The cow just ate grass all day. But the god Zeus wanted the cow. He wanted to take it away from Hera. He had a plan. He found a great music player. He asked the man to play a beautiful song for Argos. Zeus was certain Argos would go to sleep. The song had an immediate effect. Argos couldn’t focus on his job. He fell asleep. Zeus saw this, and he took the cow. Hera was very angry with Argos. She turned him into a peacock. She put his many eyes on his tail. Argos was very sad. Zeus saw how much trouble he had caused Argos. He made another plan. He turned Argos into a group of stars. He wanted Argos to remain in the sky forever. Even today, Argos’ image remains there, above the site where all his problems began. We can still see him in the night sky. Answer the questions. 1. What is this story about? a. Why it is essential to guard cows b. How to play beautiful music c. How the image of a peacock in the sky came about d. How being born with 100 eyes benefited a man 2. Why was guarding Hera’s cow easy for Argos? a. All it did was eat grass all day. b. It was kept separate from all the other cows. c. He had a chance to listen to music. d. He was able to sleep instead of focusing on it. 3. Why did Zeus turn Argos into a group of stars? a. He wanted Argos to see the site of his trouble. b. He was certain that Argos would fall asleep. c. He wanted to make Argos remain in the sky forever. d. He wanted to cause Argos immediate trouble. 4. What was the primary function of Argos’ job? a. To make sure the cow was never sad b. To keep the cow far away from people c. To see the effects of music on the cow d. Work for a proud goddess named Hera 5. How did Argos sleep?  anymore [enimox] adv. Anymore means any longer. -*Her old pants don’t fit her anymore. r asleep Eesit:p] adj. When a person is asleep, they are not awake. -* The baby has been asleep for hours. berry [ben] n. A berry is a small round fruit that grows on certain plants and trees. -* The berry looked delicious. r COlleCt [kalekt] v. To collect things is to group them together all in one place. -*I collected shells when I was younger. r compete [ksmprt] v. To compete is to try to be better than someone. -♦He will compete with very good athletes. conversation tkanve/seijan] n. A conversation is a talk between people. -►There were two conversations going on at once. r creature [kri:tjar] n. A creature is any living thing. -* The creature we saw today was either a dolphin or a porpoise. c decision [disi3sn] n. A decision is a choice. -» He made the wrong decision. either [i:flar] conj. Either is used with “ or” to say there are two or more possibilities. -* You can choose to be either white or black when you play chess. f o r e s t [fo(:)rist] n. A forest is a place with lots of trees and animals. —I love to go walking in the forest. r ground [graund] n. The ground is the top part of the Earth that we walk on. -►The ground under our feet was dry and brown. r introduce [intradjuis] v. To introduce someone or something is to say who they are. -*I introduced myself to our newest co-worker today. r marry [meeri] v. To marry is to legally become husband and wife. -»Rose and Henry were married, and they lived happily. r prepare [pripcar] v. To prepare is to get ready for something. -►I prepared my speech to the class. r sail iseii] To sail is to move a boat on the water. -* I love to sail my boat on the lake. r serious [siaries] adj. When something is serious, it is bad or unsafe. -*The accident was very serious. r spend [spend] v. To spend is to use time doing something or being somewhere. -*I like to spend my free time fishing. r strange [streindj] adj. When something is strange, it is not normal. -* Joe had a strange look on his face after he saw what happened. r tru th [tru:e] n. The truth is a fact or something that is right. -»He was telling the truth about seeing a large green snake. r wake [weik] v. To wake is to not be sleeping anymore. -* He is always full of energy when he wakes in the morning. Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. to marry a. collect b. wed c. prepare d. introduce 2. a living thing a. conversation b. truth c. creature d. decision 3. to move a boat across the water a. spend b. berry c. forest d. sail 4. one thing orthe other a. asleep b. compete c. either d. serious 5. any longer a. ground b. strange c. wake d. anymore Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The doll broke when it fell onto the floor. gr________ 2. I like to use my time taking long walks in the forest. sp time 3. He loved to travel in his boat to many islands, sa____ 4. I stop sleeping when the dog barks. w ______ 5. The area was full of trees and plants, f Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank. WORD BANK compete decision collect strange prepare serious truth asleep introduce conversation 1. To. for the test, I had to study a long time. 2. Playing with a knife can lead to injury. 3. It’s. forherto be mean; usually she is very kind. 4. Michael’s parents and teacher had a about his grades. books, and now I have over 500 of them. 6. She did not know my name, so I had to myself. 7. I had to make a about which book I wanted to buy. 8. He lies a lot, but I hope he is telling the 9. Many countries. in the Olympics every four years. 10. He was so tired that he fell. right away. 71 Princess Rose and the Creature There was once a beautiful princess named Rose. Her mother, the queen, however, was not as beautiful as the princess. The queen felt bad that she was not the most beautiful woman in the kingdom anymore. She was tired of competing with her daughter. She made a decision. She prepared a drink for the princess. After the princess drank it, she fell asleep. Then the queen took the princess to the forest. She left the princess there. It was a very serious thing to do. “ Either she will be killed by animals or she will get lost in the forest,” the queen thought. The princess had a dream. She dreamed about a man with brown hair and brown eyes. It was the man she would wed. The princess woke up. She saw a strange creature on the ground. It looked like a man, but he was hairy and green. He had horns on his head and a pig’s nose. The creature said, “ Did I scare you? I hope