SAT Vocabulary PDF

D covert (adj.) secretly engaged in (Nerwin waged a covert campaign against his enemies, while outwardly appearing to remain friendly.) credulity (n.) readiness to believe (His credulity made him an easy target for con men.) crescendo (n.) a steady increase in intensity or volume (The crescend...

D covert (adj.) secretly engaged in (Nerwin waged a covert campaign against his enemies, while outwardly appearing to remain friendly.) credulity (n.) readiness to believe (His credulity made him an easy target for con men.) crescendo (n.) a steady increase in intensity or volume (The crescendo of the brass instruments gave the piece a patriotic feel.) criteria (n.) standards by which something is judged (Among Mrs. Fields’s criteria for good cookies are that they be moist and chewy.) culmination (n.) the climax toward which something progresses (The culmination of the couple’s argument was the decision to divorce.) culpable (adj.) deserving blame (He was culpable of the crime, and was sentenced to perform community service for 75 years.) cultivate (v.) to nurture, improve, refine (At the library, she cultivated her interest in spy novels.) cumulative (adj.) increasing, building upon itself (The cumulative effect of hours spent in the sun was a deep tan.) cunning (adj.) sly, clever at being deceitful (The general devised a cunning plan to surprise the enemy.) cupidity (n.) greed, strong desire (His cupidity made him enter the abandoned gold mine despite the obvious dangers.) cursory (adj.) brief to the point of being superficial (Late for the meeting, she cast a cursory glance at the agenda.) curt (adj.) abruptly and rudely short (Her curt reply to my question made me realize SAT Vocabulary that she was upset at me.) curtail (v.) to lessen, reduce (Since losing his job, he had to curtail his spending.) D daunting (adj.) intimidating, causing one to lose courage (He kept delaying the daunting act of asking for a promotion.) dearth (n.) a lack, scarcity (An eager reader, she was dismayed by the dearth of classic books at the library.) debacle (n.) a disastrous failure, disruption (The elaborately designed fireworks show turned into a debacle when the fireworks started firing in random directions.) 21  D debase (v.) to lower the quality or esteem of something (The large raise that he gave himself debased his motives for running the charity.) debauch (v.) to corrupt by means of sensual pleasures (An endless amount of good wine and cheese debauched the traveler.) debunk (v.) to expose the falseness of something (He debunked her claim to be the world’s greatest chess player by defeating her in 18 consecutive matches.) decorous (adj.) socially proper, appropriate (The appreciative guest displayed decorous behavior toward his host.) decry (v.) to criticize openly (The kind video rental clerk decried the policy of charging customers late fees.) deface (v.) to ruin or injure something’s appearance (The brothers used eggs and shaving cream to deface their neighbor’s mailbox.) defamatory (adj.) harmful toward another’s reputation (The defamatory gossip spreading about the actor made the public less willing to see the actor’s new movie.) defer (v.) to postpone something; to yield to another’s wisdom (Ron deferred to Diane, the expert on musical instruments, when he was asked about buying a piano.) deferential (adj.) showing respect for another’s authority (His deferential attitude toward her made her more confident in her ability to run the company.) defile (v.) to make unclean, impure (She defiled the calm of the religious building by playing her banjo.) deft (adj.) skillful, capable (Having worked in a bakery for many years, Marcus was a deft bread maker.) SAT Vocabulary defunct (adj.) no longer used or existing (They planned to turn the defunct schoolhouse into a community center.) delegate (v.) to hand over responsibility for something (The dean delegated the task of finding a new professor to a special hiring committee.) deleterious (adj.) harmful (She experienced the deleterious effects of running a marathon without stretching her muscles enough beforehand.) deliberate (adj.) intentional, reflecting careful consideration (Though Mary was quite upset, her actions to resolve the dispute were deliberate.) delineate (v.) to describe, outline, shed light on (She neatly delineated her reasons for canceling the project’s funding.) 22  D demagogue (n.) a leader who appeals to a people’s prejudices (The demagogue strengthened his hold over his people by blaming immigrants for the lack of jobs.) demarcation (n.) the marking of boundaries or categories (Different cultures have different demarcations of good and evil.) demean (v.) to lower the status or stature of something (She refused to demean her secretary by making him order her lunch.) demure (adj.) quiet, modest, reserved (Though everyone else at the party was dancing and going crazy, she remained demure.) denigrate (v.) to belittle, diminish the opinion of (The company decided that its advertisements would no longer denigrate the company’s competitors.) denounce (v.) to criticize publicly (The senator denounced her opponent as a greedy politician.) deplore (v.) to feel or express sorrow, disapproval (We all deplored the miserable working conditions in the factory.) depravity (n.) wickedness (Rumors of the ogre’s depravity made the children afraid to enter the forest.) deprecate (v.) to belittle, depreciate (Always over-modest, he deprecated his contribution to the local charity.) derelict (adj.) abandoned, run-down (Even though it was dangerous, the children enjoyed going to the deserted lot and playing in the derelict house.) deride (v.) to laugh at mockingly, scorn (The bullies derided the foreign student’s accent.) SAT Vocabulary derivative (adj.) taken directly from a source, unoriginal (She was bored by his music because she felt that it was derivative and that she had heard it before.) desecrate (v.) to violate the sacredness of a thing or place (They feared that the construction of a golf course would desecrate the preserved wilderness.) desiccated (adj.) dried up, dehydrated (The skin of the desiccated mummy looked like old paper.) desolate (adj.) deserted, dreary, lifeless (She found the desolate landscape quite a contrast to the hustle and bustle of the overcrowded city.) 23  D despondent (adj.) feeling depressed, discouraged, hopeless (Having failed the first math test, the despondent child saw no use in studying for the next and failed that one too.) despot (n.) one who has total power and rules brutally (The despot issued a death sentence for anyone who disobeyed his laws.) destitute (adj.) impoverished, utterly lacking (The hurricane destroyed many homes and left many families destitute.) deter (v.) to discourage, prevent from doing (Bob’s description of scary snakes couldn’t deter Marcia from traveling in the rainforests.) devious (adj.) not straightforward, deceitful (Not wanting to be punished, the devious girl blamed the broken vase on the cat.) dialect (n.) a variation of a language (In the country’s remote, mountainous regions, the inhabitants spoke a dialect that the country’s other inhabitants had difficulty understanding.) diaphanous (adj.) light, airy, transparent (Sunlight poured in through the diaphanous curtains, brightening the room.) didactic 1. (adj.) intended to instruct (She wrote up a didactic document showing new employees how to handle the company’s customers.) 2. (adj.) overly moralistic (His didactic style of teaching made it seem like he wanted to persuade his students not to understand history fully, but to understand it from only one point of view.) diffident (adj.) shy, quiet, modest (While eating dinner with the adults, the diffident youth did not speak for fear of seeming presumptuous.) diffuse 1. (v.) to scatter, thin out, break up (He diffused the tension in the room by SAT Vocabulary making in a joke.) 2. (adj.) not concentrated, scattered, disorganized (In her writings, she tried unsuccessfully to make others understand her diffuse thoughts.) dilatory (adj.) tending to delay, causing delay (The general’s dilatory strategy enabled the enemy to regroup.) diligent (adj.) showing care in doing one’s work (The diligent researcher made sure to check her measurements multiple times.) diminutive (adj.) small or miniature (The bullies, tall and strong, picked on the diminutive child.) dirge (n.) a mournful song, especially for a funeral (The bagpipers played a dirge as the casket was carried to the cemetery.) 24  D disaffected (adj.) rebellious, resentful of authority (Dismayed by Bobby’s poor behavior, the parents sent their disaffected son to a military academy to be disciplined.) disavow (v.) to deny knowledge of or responsibility for (Not wanting others to criticize her, she disavowed any involvement in the company’s hiring scandal.) discern (v.) to perceive, detect (Though he hid his emotions, she discerned from his body language that he was angry.) disclose (v.) to reveal, make public (The CEO disclosed to the press that the company would have to fire several employees.) discomfit (v.) to thwart, baffle (The normally cheery and playful children’s sudden misery discomfited the teacher.) discordant (adj.) not agreeing, not in harmony with (The girls’ sobs were a discordant sound amid the general laughter that filled the restaurant.) discrepancy (n.) difference, failure of things to correspond (He was troubled by the discrepancy between what he remembered paying for the appliance and what his receipt showed he paid for it.) discretion (n.) the quality of being reserved in speech or action; good judgment (Not wanting her patient to get overly anxious, the doctor used discretion in deciding how much to tell the patient about his condition.) discursive (adj.) rambling, lacking order (The professor’s discursive lectures seemed to be about every subject except the one initially described.) disdain 1. (v.) to scorn, hold in low esteem (Insecure about their jobs, the older employees disdained the recently hired ones, who were young and capable.) 2. (n.) SAT Vocabulary scorn, low esteem (After learning of his immoral actions, Justine held Lawrence in disdain.) disgruntled (adj.) upset, not content (The child believed that his parents had unjustly grounded him, and remained disgruntled for a week.) disheartened (adj.) feeling a loss of spirit or morale (The team was disheartened after losing in the finals of the tournament.) disparage (v.) to criticize or speak ill of (The saleswoman disparaged the competitor’s products to persuade her customers to buy what she was selling.) disparate (adj.) sharply differing, containing sharply contrasting elements (Having widely varying interests, the students had disparate responses toward the novel.) 25  D dispatch (v.) to send off to accomplish a duty (The carpenter dispatched his assistant to fetch wood.) dispel (v.) to drive away, scatter (She entered the office as usual on Monday, dispelling the rumor that she had been fired.) disperse (v.) to scatter, cause to scatter (When the rain began to pour, the crowd at the baseball game quickly dispersed.) disrepute (n.) a state of being held in low regard (The officer fell into disrepute after it was learned that he had disobeyed the orders he had given to his own soldiers.) dissemble (v.) to conceal, fake (Not wanting to appear heartlessly greedy, she dissembled and hid her intention to sell her ailing father’s stamp collection.) disseminate (v.) to spread widely (The politician disseminated his ideas across the town before the election.) dissent 1. (v.) to disagree (The principal argued that the child should repeat the fourth grade, but the unhappy parents dissented.) 2. (n.) the act of disagreeing (Unconvinced that the defendant was guilty, the last juror voiced his dissent with the rest of the jury.) dissipate 1. (v.) to disappear, cause to disappear (The sun finally came out and dissipated the haze.) 2. (v.) to waste (She dissipated her fortune on a series of bad investments.) dissonance (n.) lack of harmony or consistency (Though the president of the company often spoke of the company as reliant solely upon its workers, her decision to increase her own salary rather than reward her employees revealed a striking dissonance between her alleged beliefs and her actions.) SAT Vocabulary dissuade (v.) to persuade someone not to do something (Worried that he would catch a cold, she tried to dissuade him from going out on winter nights.) distend (v.) to swell out (Years of drinking beer caused his stomach to distend.) dither (v.) to be indecisive (Not wanting to offend either friend, he dithered about which of the two birthday parties he should attend.) divine (adj.) godly, exceedingly wonderful (Terribly fond of desserts, she found the rich chocolate cake to be divine.) divisive (adj.) causing dissent, discord (Her divisive tactics turned her two friends against each other.) 26  E divulge (v.) to reveal something secret (Pressured by the press, the government finally divulged the previously unknown information.) docile (adj.) easily taught or trained (She successfully taught the docile puppy several tricks.) dogmatic (adj.) aggressively and arrogantly certain about unproved principles (His dogmatic claim that men were better than women at fixing appliances angered everyone.) dormant (adj.) sleeping, temporarily inactive (Though she pretended everything was fine, her anger lay dormant throughout the dinner party and exploded in screams of rage after everyone had left.) dour (adj.)stern, joyless (The children feared their dour neighbor because the old man would take their toys if he believed they were being too loud.) dubious (adj.) doubtful, of uncertain quality (Suspicious that he was only trying to get a raise, she found his praise dubious.) duplicity (n.) crafty dishonesty (His duplicity involved convincing his employees to let him lower their salaries and increase their stock options, and then to steal the money he saved and run the company into the ground.) duress (n.) hardship, threat (It was only under intense duress that he, who was normally against killing, fired his gun.) dynamic (adj.) actively changing (The parents found it hard to keep up with the dynamic music scene with which their children had become very familiar.) E SAT Vocabulary ebullient (adj.) extremely lively, enthusiastic (She became ebullient upon receiving an acceptance letter from her first-choice college.) eclectic (adj.) consisting of a diverse variety of elements (That bar attracts an eclectic crowd: lawyers, artists, circus clowns, and investment bankers.) ecstatic (adj.) intensely and overpoweringly happy (The couple was ecstatic when they learned that they had won the lottery.) edict (n.) an order, decree (The ruler issued an edict requiring all of his subjects to bow down before him.) 27  E efface (v.) to wipe out, obliterate, rub away (The husband was so angry at his wife for leaving him that he effaced all evidence of her presence; he threw out pictures of her and gave away all her belongings.) effervescent (adj.) bubbly, lively (My friend is so effervescent that she makes everyone smile.) efficacious (adj.) effective (My doctor promised me that the cold medicine was efficacious, but I’m still sniffling.) effrontery (n.) impudence, nerve, insolence (When I told my aunt that she was boring, my mother scolded me for my effrontery.) effulgent (adj.) radiant, splendorous (The golden palace was effulgent.) egregious (adj.) extremely bad (The student who threw sloppy joes across the cafeteria was punished for his egregious behavior.) elaborate (adj.) complex, detailed, intricate (Dan always beats me at chess because he develops such an elaborate game plan that I can never predict his next move.) elated (adj.) overjoyed, thrilled (When she found out she had won the lottery, the writer was elated.) elegy (n.) a speech given in honor of a dead person (At the funeral, the widow gave a moving elegy describing her love for her husband.) elicit (v.) to bring forth, draw out, evoke (Although I asked several times where the exit was, I elicited no response from the stone-faced policeman.) eloquent (adj.) expressive, articulate, moving (The priest gave such an eloquent sermon that most churchgoers were crying.) SAT Vocabulary elucidate (v.) to clarify, explain (I didn’t understand why my friend was so angry with me, so I asked Janine to elucidate her feelings.) elude (v.) to evade, escape (Despite an intense search, the robber continues to elude the police.) emaciated (adj.) very thin, enfeebled looking (My sister eats a lot of pastries and chocolate but still looks emaciated.) embellish 1. (v.) to decorate, adorn (My mom embellished the living room by adding lace curtains.) 2. (v.)to add details to, enhance (When Harry told me that he had “done stuff” on his vacation, I asked him to embellish upon his account.) 28  E embezzle (v.) to steal money by falsifying records (The accountant was fired for embezzling $10,000 of the company’s funds.) emend (v.) to correct or revise a written text (If my sentence is incorrect, the editor will emend what I have written.) eminent 1. (adj.) distinguished, prominent, famous (Mr. Phillips is such an eminent scholar that every professor on campus has come to hear him lecture.) 2. (adj.) conspicuous (There is an eminent stain on that shirt.) emollient (adj.) soothing (This emollient cream makes my skin very smooth.) emote (v.) to express emotion (The director told the actor he had to emote, or else the audience would have no idea what his character was going through.) empathy (n.) sensitivity to another’s feelings as if they were one’s own (I feel such empathy for my sister when she’s in pain that I cry too.) empirical 1. (adj.) based on observation or experience (The scientist gathered empirical data on the growth rate of dandelions by studying the dandelions behind his house.) 2. (adj.) capable of being proved or disproved by experiment (That all cats hate getting wet is an empirical statement: I can test it by bathing my cat, Trinket.) emulate (v.) to imitate (I idolize Britney Spears so much that I emulate everything she does: I wear her outfits, sing along to her songs, and date a boy named Justin.) enamor (v.) to fill with love, fascinate, usually used in passive form followed by “of” or “with” (I grew enamored of that boy when he quoted my favorite love poem.) encore (n.) the audience’s demand for a repeat performance; also the artist’s performance in response to that demand (At the end of the concert, all the fans yelled, “Encore! Encore!” but the band did not come out to play again.) SAT Vocabulary encumber (v.) to weigh down, burden (At the airport, my friend was encumbered by her luggage, so I offered to carry two of her bags.) enervate (v.) to weaken, exhaust (Writing these sentences enervates me so much that I will have to take a nap after I finish.) enfranchise (v.) to grant the vote to (The Nineteenth Amendment enfranchised women.) engender (v.) to bring about, create, generate (During the Olympics, the victories of U.S. athletes engender a patriotic spirit among Americans.) enigmatic (adj.) mystifying, cryptic (That man wearing the dark suit and dark glasses is so enigmatic that no one even knows his name.) 29  E enmity (n.) ill will, hatred, hostility (Mark and Andy have clearly not forgiven each other, because the enmity between them is obvious to anyone in their presence.) ennui (n.) boredom, weariness (I feel such ennui that I don’t look forward to anything, not even my birthday party.) entail (v.) to include as a necessary step (Building a new fence entails tearing down the old one.) enthrall (v.) to charm, hold spellbound (The sailor’s stories of fighting off sharks and finding ancient treasures enthralled his young son.) ephemeral (adj.) short-lived, fleeting (She promised she’d love me forever, but her “forever” was only ephemeral: she left me after one week.) epistolary (adj.) relating to or contained in letters (Some people call me “Auntie’s boy,” because my aunt and I have such a close epistolary relationship that we write each other every day.) epitome (n.) a perfect example, embodiment (My mother, the epitome of good taste, always dresses more elegantly than I do.) equanimity (n.) composure (Even though he had just been fired, Mr. Simms showed great equanimity by neatly packing up his desk and wishing everyone in the office well.) equivocal (adj.) ambiguous, uncertain, undecided (His intentions were so equivocal that I didn’t know whether he was being chivalrous or sleazy.) erudite (adj.) learned (My Latin teacher is such an erudite scholar that he has translated some of the most difficult and abstruse ancient poetry.) eschew (v.) to shun, avoid (George hates the color green so much that he eschews all SAT Vocabulary green food.) esoteric (adj.) understood by only a select few (Even the most advanced students cannot understand the physicist’s esoteric theories.) espouse (v.) to take up as a cause, support (I love animals so much that I espouse animal rights.) ethereal (adj.) heavenly, exceptionally delicate or refined (In her flowing silk gown and lace veil, the bride looked ethereal.) etymology (n.) the history of words, their origin and development (From the study of etymology, I know that the word “quixotic” derives from Don Quixote and the word “gaudy” refers to the Spanish architect Gaudí.) 30