Introduction to physiology-1.pdf

Tutorial: Body systems, homeostasis and membrane transport Your Unit Coordinator Dr Simon Summers Lecturer in Human Anatomy and Physiology Study Area Lead (Physiology): School of Biomedical Science PhD in pain neurophysiology [email protected] Overview These workshops ar...

Tutorial: Body systems, homeostasis and membrane transport Your Unit Coordinator Dr Simon Summers Lecturer in Human Anatomy and Physiology Study Area Lead (Physiology): School of Biomedical Science PhD in pain neurophysiology [email protected] Overview These workshops are designed to revise and reinforce concepts from online modules; participation is encouraged → you will get out what you put in!; respect others and allow them to contribute. Canvas overview Assessment information Short formative quiz Worksheet activity Health & Safety Quiz Assessment Information Assessment 1: Professional Case Studies (40%) Assessment 2: Mid Semester Exam (20%) Assessment 3: Final Theory Exam (40%) Professional Case Studies (40%) Total of 3 case-studies (30% total, 10% for each case-study) Completed during lab classes (20min duration, total of 10 marks) Attendance and completing the online module before class is critical Professional Case Studies (40%) Participation (10% total) Based on your practical engagement, professional behaviour, and reflective capacity. Mentimetre quiz Worksheet activity Body organ systems: identify these systems Integumentary Skeletal system Muscular system Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive system system system system Nervous system Endocrine Cardiovascular Urinary system Reproductive systems system system Body organ systems: match their function Lymphatic system 1. Glands secrete hormones to regulate other structures Digestive system 2. Breaks down food for distribution by blood to the body's cells Urinary system 3. Movement of the body as a whole Muscular system 4. Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and disposes of them in the urine Integumentary system 5. Picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood Endocrine system 6. Excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature What are the five survival needs of humans? Why are they important? Nutrients Required for energy and cell growth Oxygen Required to release energy from food Water Forms the basis of various body fluids (including blood plasma) Normal body temperature Controls rate of chemical reactions in the body Atmospheric pressure Controls air flow in/out of the lungs Cell physiology What do the terms diffusion and osmosis mean? Diffusion is movement of molecules or ions (solutes) from regions of high concentration to low concentration (down a concentration gradient) Osmosis is diffusion of water through membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution (with more dissolved solutes) Cell physiology What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? Simple diffusion is the movement of substances through the plasma membrane without assistance Facilitated diffusion is the movement substances through the plasma membrane with assistance from carrier or channel proteins Provide an example of the types of substances that move by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion Lipids, oxygen and carbon dioxide move by simple diffusion Glucose, amino acids, ions move by facilitated diffusion Homeostasis Referring to this figure, which component of homeostatic Control centre control is responsible for the following: Receptor Effector 1. Sends signals to effector B Stimulus 2. Sends signals to control centre A 3. Receives signals of environmental change A 4. In negative feedback, reduces original stimulus C Homeostasis – Difference between positive and negative feedback Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Stimulus Stimulus Receptor Receptor Control Centre Control Centre Effector Effector Effector causes opposite response to the Effector causes enhanced response to stimulus the stimulus Homeostasis - negative feedback Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to a drop in the calcium level in the blood. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. What can you expect to happen to the calcium blood level as increased amounts of parathyroid hormone are secreted, and why? Levels of calcium in the blood should increase as more parathyroid hormone is secreted. Parathyroid acts to cause a change in blood calcium levels in the opposite direction to the original change.  Homeostasis Homeostasis Homeostasis Negative Feedback Nervous System Endocrine System Stimulus Body temp falls Water rises in blood Receptor Skin thermos receptors Osmoreceptors Control Centre Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hair erector pili Less ADH is released Effector muscles contract from pituitary Effector causes opposite response to the stimulus  Uterine Positive Feedback Contractions Stimulus Dilation of cervix Receptor Stretch receptors Control Centre Hypothalamus Oxytocin is released Effector from pituitary Effector causes enhanced response to the stimulus Activities to complete this week - Attend your allocated practical class - Week 2 Online Module - Complete your Health and Safety Quiz – Otherwise you will not be allowed into labs next week Questions?