introduction-to-norwegian-list-of-terms.pdf

Introduction to Norwegian – List of terms adverb Adverbs often describe the manner in which something is done or they are associated with degree, place, time, reason. In addition there are linking, focus and negative adverbs. adverbial Adverbials are parts of...

Introduction to Norwegian – List of terms adverb Adverbs often describe the manner in which something is done or they are associated with degree, place, time, reason. In addition there are linking, focus and negative adverbs. adverbial Adverbials are parts of sentences informing when, where, how or why some action took place or something is in existence. consonant The Norwegian consonants are: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, z demonstrative Demonstrative determiners signal that somebody or something is determiners known/identifiable. In addition they specify number (and gender) of the referent and whether the referent is near or distant in relation to the speaker. diphthong The Norwegian diphthongs are: au, ai, ei, øy infinitive The base form is used in the infinitive. modal The modal auxiliares are: auxiliaries should, ought to – burde (bør – burde – har burdet) can – kunne (kan – kunne – har kunnet) have to – måtte (må – måtte – har måttet) will, shall – skulle (skal – skulle – har skullet) want, wish – ville (vil – ville – har villet) noun Nouns denote concrete entities or designate substances and abstract notions. Nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter in Norwegian and they are inflected for number, definitiveness. Person Personal pronouns Reflexive Subject Object pronouns First person I – jeg me – meg myself – meg singular First person we – vi us – oss ourselves - oss plural Second person you – du you – deg yourself - deg singular Second person you – dere you – dere yourselves - plural dere Third person he - han him – han/ham himself – seg singular she – hun her - henne herself – seg it – den, det it – den, det itself – seg Third person they – de them – dem themselves – plural seg Person Possessive determiners First person my – min, mitt, singular mine First person our – vår, vårt, plural våre Second person your – din, singular ditt, dine Second person your – deres plural Third person his – hans singular her – hennes its – dens, dets Third person their – deres plural present The present perfect is referred to as the indefinite past because it perfect is not used with a definite past time adverbial. In addition a deictic element implying from then up to now is required. present tense Note that Norwegian does not differ between the simple present and the present progressive. preterite/past Note that Norwegian does not differ between the simple past and tense the past progressive. subject The referent of the subject of a clause performs (both intentionally and unintentionally) an action or is affected by an action or is characterized in the clause. subordinate A subordinate clause is always combined with a main clause. clause subordinating A subordinating conjunction introduces a subordinate clause, i.e. it conjunction is the first word in the subordinate clause. verb Verbs describe an action, condition or change of condition. Verbs are inflected in the tenses, mode and in the active or passive voice in Norwegian. verbal The verbal is realized by a verb (verb phrase) which refers to an action or a situation vowel The Norwegian vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, y, æ, ø, å