Introduction to Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) PDF

Unit – I Introduction to the Indian Knowledge System [ IKS] “We owe a lot to the ancient Indians, teaching us how to count. Without which most modern scientific discoveries would have been impossible” ~ Albert Einstein  W...

Unit – I Introduction to the Indian Knowledge System [ IKS] “We owe a lot to the ancient Indians, teaching us how to count. Without which most modern scientific discoveries would have been impossible” ~ Albert Einstein  What is the Indian Knowledge System Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) is an innovative cell under Ministry of Education (MoE) at AICTE, New Delhi. It is established to promote interdisciplinary research on all aspects of IKS, and preserve and disseminate IKS for further research and societal applications. It will actively engage for spreading the rich heritage of our country and traditional knowledge in the field of Arts and literature, Agriculture, Basic Sciences, Engineering & Technology, Architecture, Management, Economics, etc. It is a structured system and process of Knowledge transfer rather than a Tradition.  Objectives of the Indian Knowledge System  To encourage and enable more study in several areas, including holistic health, psychology, neuroscience, nature, the environment, and sustainable development, to address current societal problems.  Learning from the past and integrating Indian knowledge systems is to use our ancient knowledge systems, which are characterised by an unbroken tradition of knowledge transfer and a distinctive point of view, to solve current and emerging problems in India and the world.  Example: Yoga and Meditation, Classical dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi etc.  Aim of IKS IKS essentially teaches us how to ask questions. In what manner? To what extent? Our way of thinking will be directed and reoriented by fundamental sutras. The axiomatic beliefs that “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam ” (the entire universe is a family) and “Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah ” (may all be happy) To complement and enrich contemporary higher education by providing a more comprehensive understanding of human knowledge, civilization, and cultural heritage and benefitting students, academia, and society.  Historicity of IKS India is often referred to be "the cradle of human civilization," "the mother of speech," "the grandmother of stories and customs,“ Bharatiya knowledge systems have ancient roots dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization (around 3300–1300 BCE) and Vedic period (around 1500–500 BCE). The Vedas, which are among the oldest sacred texts in the world, form the foundation of Indian philosophical and spiritual thought. The four Vedas - Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda - contain hymns, rituals, and philosophical discussions.  Historicity of IKS There are 14 places of Knowledge. They are called Chaturdasha Vidyastana. There are four Vedas: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharvana Veda. the 6 Vedāṅgas (namely Śikṣā, Kalpa, Vyākaraṇa, Chhandas, Niruktam and Jyoti ṣa) Itihāsa (Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata) and Purāṇa (Viṣṇupurāṇa, Bhāgavata etc.) Dharmaśāstra (Manusmṛti, Yājñavalkya-smṛti, Parāśara-smṛti etc.) Darśana (Six orthodox and six heterodox systems) Nyāya (Logic and Epistemology) In other places, sometimes the 4 Upavedas, namely Āyurveda (health-care), Dhanurveda (archery), Gandharva-veda (dance, music etc.) and Sthāpatyaveda (architecture) are also added to the list, taking the total to 18 (aṣṭādaśa).  Some salient aspects of IKS 1. Preserving Heritage 2. Applying Ancient Knowledge 3. Decolonizing Education 4. Training Researchers 5. Encouraging Study 6. Spiritual and Philosophical Understanding 7. Harmony with Nature 8. Social Harmony and Ethics 9. Global Collaboration  Organization of IKS The Indian Knowledge Systems Division (IKS Division) of the Ministry of Education (MoE) was established in October 2020, with a vision to promote interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research on all aspects of IKS, preserve and disseminate a deeper understanding and appreciation of IKS for further research, and societal applications. The Division conducts internship programs for undergraduate students in addition to conducting faculty development programs, workshops, text mining and documentation projects, and many outreach activities in partnership with other institutions. Additionally, the Division initiated IKS Wiki portal for article publishing in various Bhāratīya languages, fostering a broader dissemination and engagement with traditional knowledge systems  Organization of IKS Core Principles of the IKS Division: 1. Paramparā: IKS Division aims to uphold and carry forward the wisdom that has been passed down through generations. The goal is to highlight the continuous unbroken knowledge traditions of Bhārata since time immemorial. 2. Dṛṣṭi: Indian knowledge systems offer unique perspectives that make this knowledge system 'Bhāratīya' and hold immense value in addressing contemporary and emerging challenges.. 3. Laukika-prayojana: By focusing on areas of societal importance, such as health, technology, and social well-being, IKS projects strive to make a tangible difference to the contemporary world by mainstreaming Indian Knowledge Systems.  Why do we need IKS? In an increasingly changing and uncertain world, the significance of preserving and imparting traditional knowledge systems, particularly those rooted in the rich cultural heritage of India, cannot be overstated. Being a global citizens, one needs to be rooted in one's own culture and tradition. The pedagogical approach of these systems offers a holistic and value-based education, ensuring all-round development while fostering a deep connection to local culture and knowledge. Moreover, recent research in neuroscience highlights the cognitive benefits of engaging with Indian knowledge systems, underscoring their relevance in contemporary education  Why do we need IKS? Pride in Cultural Heritage: India boasts of diversity of traditions, philosophies, and practices that have endured for centuries, reflecting the country's rich cultural diversity. By learning about ancient Indian texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, young learners gain insight into the profound wisdom and intellectual achievements of their ancestors. Solving Modern-Day Problems: From sustainable agriculture practices advocated in ancient texts like the Arthashastra to the holistic healthcare system of Ayurveda, these traditions offer solutions that are both time-tested and environmentally sustainable. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern science and technology, young people can contribute to innovative solutions for pressing issues such as climate change, healthcare, and sustainable development #Rice crops and the like are the best. Vegetables are intermediate; and sugarcane is the worst (very difficult to grow) for it is subject to various evils and requires much attention and expenditure to reap."  Why do we need IKS? Holistic Pedagogy: Rather than rote memorization, these systems emphasize experiential learning, critical thinking, and the cultivation of practical skills. Through storytelling, debates, and interactive discussions, students are encouraged to explore complex ideas and develop a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them. Value-Based Education: Indian knowledge systems are deeply rooted in values such as compassion, respect for nature, and the pursuit of truth and righteousness. By imparting these values, education based on Indian knowledge systems nurtures ethical leadership, empathy, and social responsibility in young learners.  Why do we need IKS? Connecting to local culture: One of the strengths of Indian knowledge systems lies in their ability to connect learners to their local culture and knowledge. By exploring regional customs, folklore, and indigenous practices, students develop a deeper appreciation for their cultural identity and heritage. This connection to local traditions fosters a sense of belonging and community, empowering young people to become stewards of their cultural legacy. Neuroscientific benefits: Recent research in neuroscience has underscored the cognitive benefits of engaging with Indian knowledge systems. Practices such as yoga, meditation, and chanting have been shown to enhance cognitive function, reduce stress, and improve emotional well-being.