Introduction to Geography PDF

**[INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY]** **Definitions** - - - **1. The physical environment**, This includes natural conditions in our surrounding They include; - - - - - - - - - **[Quiz 1]** Give six example of drainage features **Define a drainage feature;** **They are...

**[INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY]** **Definitions** - - - **1. The physical environment**, This includes natural conditions in our surrounding They include; - - - - - - - - - **[Quiz 1]** Give six example of drainage features **Define a drainage feature;** **They are all water bodies and water courses on the earth's surface.** **2. The human environment**, This includes all human features and human activities in our surroundings. Human activities include; - - - - - - - - - - **[Quiz 2]** Name six examples of human features in our surrounding **[BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY]** There are 3 main branches. Namely; - - - This branch of geography deals with the study of the natural environment. The major areas covered includes: - - - - - - - Practical geography enables learners to use the skills and techniques learnt in class to analyze and represent geographical data. Skills learnt include: - - - - 3. **[HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY]** This is the study of people and their activities on the earth's surface. Some human activities studied include: - - - - - - - - - - **[IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING GEOGRAPHY IN SCHOOLS]** 1\. Enables the learner to develop skills like reading maps, analyzing data and observing features, drawing statistical diagrams, interpreting photographs and charts and sketching diagrams. 2\. The learner acquires knowledge on different sectors like methods of collecting, interpreting and representing geographical data. 3\. It enables the learner to understand and appreciate the environment. 4\. It enables the learner to use natural resources well such as soil, food, water and minerals. 5\. It helps the learner to understand Global events, current Affairs and environmental issues.eg. global warming, pollution, war etc X6. It promotes national unity through knowing the state of other countries well. 7\. It is a career subject because it enables the learner to acquire skills for employment eg. pilot, climatologist etc 8\. It helps learners to make sensible judgments about matters involving our environment and society. 9\. To understand basic physical systems that affect everyday life eg. Earth-sun relationships, water cycles, wind and ocean currents. Class work. **[Careers related to geography.]** Student research **[RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOGRAPHY AND OTHER DISCIPLINES]** **1. Mathematics** Principles and formulae are used in geography to calculate \`\`distances, areas and population densities. Mathematics also applies geographical knowledge about direction and bearing to calculate distances around the globe. **2. Biology** Biology is the scientific study of organisms while Geography studies the distribution of organisms (plants and animals) and the factors influencing this distribution. **3. History** History studies and records the events of the past and present while Geography uses the past to explain the present. **4. Chemistry** Chemistry involves the study of substances and their chemical composition while Geography applies chemistry in studying the chemical composition of rocks and soils. **5. Agriculture** Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals. Geography studies farming systems, their distribution and the factors affecting farming activities. **6. Meteorology** Meteorology deals with atmospheric conditions of a place. It is also responsible for weather forecasting. Geography uses meteorological information for classifying climatic regions and mapping them. 7\. **Economics** Deals with the study of production, distribution and consumption of commodities. Geography similarly focus on the exploitation of resources, methods of production, movement of commodities and their consumption. **[THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM]** **[RESEARCH]** - - - - - - - - - - - - USE DIAGRAMSAND RELATED VIDEOS **[INTRODUCTION]** **[Definition of terms]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **[Quiz]** **[Research]** Define; asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites **[DEFINING OTHER HEAVENLY BODIES.]** **[Asteroids]** They are small rocky objects that move around/ orbit the sun. They are smaller than planets. They are mostly found between mars and Jupiter. **[Comets]** They are snowballs made of frozen gas, rock and dust that move around the sun. When close to the sun they heat up and release dust and gases. The gas and dust form a trail behind the comet forming a tail and head. They are located far away from all planets. **[Meteors]** It is a piece of a rock from outer space, burns completely within the atmosphere and does not reach the earth's surface or any other planet. Mostly found between mars and Jupiter. **[Meteorites]** It is a piece of a rock from outer space, burns through the atmosphere and reaches the earth's surface or any other planet. Mostly found between mars and Jupiter. They can be found on the earth's surface as rocks. **[A meteorite impact on earth]** **[Note]** **Both meteors and meteorites are also called shooting stars.** **[PLANETS]** **[Quiz]** **[Research on;]** Define a planet What is the name of the path used by planets to move around the sun. Name and describe the eight planets in order. Mention any unique features about each planet. Include any images and related videos. **[Define a planet ]** It is a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around the sun. **Celestial body** It is any natural object located outside the earth's atmosphere/ located in space. Examples are; moon, sun, planets, asteroids, meteors, meteorites, comets etc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Class work] Make notes on planets Sketch a labelled diagram on the solar system [Describing the planets] It is the closest planet to the sun. It is the smallest planet in the solar system. It is also known as the evening star. It has no moons. It is the second hottest planet in the solar system. It is the second planet from the sun. It is the hottest planet. It is also known as the morning star. It has a very thick atmosphere. It is known also known as earths sister or twin planet because they have the same size and mass. It spins clockwise while all other planets rotate anticlockwise. It is the third planet from the sun It is a twin of Venus It is the only planet that supports life because it has oxygen and water. It has one moon. It takes 365 ¼ days to spin around the sun A day is 24 hours. It is the fourth planet from the sun. It is rocky , dusty and dry It has very many volcanoes. It has a third of earth\'s gravity. It is the fifth planet from the sun It is the largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant It has the shortest days in the solar system. It is made up of hydrogen and helium It is the sixth planet from the sun. It has a ring. It is the second largest gas giant. It is the lightest planet It is the seventh planet from the sun. It is a twin of Neptune. It is the second coldest planet in the solar system. It is an ice giant It was the first planet to be found in the solar system It spins on its side **Neptune** It is the eighth planet from the sun It is the coldest planet It is an ice giant It is a twin planet of Uranus It experiences very strong and fast winds [Class work ] Sketching the solar system Show all the planets and their unique features. Label all the planets, orbit and the sun or **[THE SIZE OF THE EARTH ]** The scientific discipline of measuring and representing the earth is known as **geodesy**. The latest calculations and satellite observations give the following mathematical data for planet earth: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **[THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH]** There are two types of movement of the earth - - **[Rotation of the earth ]** - - **[Effects of rotation]** - - - - - **[Revolution of the earth ]** - - - - - **[Effects of revolution]** - - - **[THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH]** - **[THE ATMOSPHERE]** - - - - - - - - **[THE HYDROSPHERE]** - - - - - - **[THE CRUST]** - - - - - - - - - - - - **[LITHOSPHERE]** - - - - - - **[THE MANTLE]** - - - - - - - - **[THE CORE]** - - - - -