Introduction to Computing PDF

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing Pascaline (Blaise Pascal French Mathematician 1642) Computers are everywhere It was the first mechanical calculator...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing Pascaline (Blaise Pascal French Mathematician 1642) Computers are everywhere It was the first mechanical calculator School made-up of gears or wheels Work It was the first mechanical calculator Home made-up of gears or wheels. Business Addition and Subtraction operation was Everywhere faster than Abacus. People use all types and sizes of computers Consumers. Leibniz Wheel (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnez, 1685) Consumers who uses computers Extended Pascal Calculator to have Student automatic multiplication and division Teachers It had a cylinder or stepped drum with a Family Members set of teeth of incremental lengths which, was coupled to a counting wheel Business Owners Military Personnel Jacquard Loom (Joseph Marie Jacquard Doctors 1804) And many more...., It made the cotton weaving process Computers can do a lot of things. automatic The loom was controlled by a number of Two periods based on technology punched cards lace together into a Mechanical Era continuous sequence Time between 1450 and 1840 Electronic Era Evolution of Computers (Electronic Era) Period from 1940 to the present First Generation (1946-1959) The first-generation computers uses Abacus (Abundant Beads, Addition and “Vacuum Tubes” as the basic Calculation Utility System) components for memory and CPU First Mechanical device used for (Central Processing Unit) calculations Punched cards, paper tape and magnetic Invented by Babylonian around 3000 tape were used as input and output BC. devices. Consisted of beads on movable rods divides in 2 parts Second Generation (1959 – 1965) Used even today by young children to The second-generation computers uses learn basic calculation “Transistors”. Much cheaper consumed less power, more compact in size and Napier Bones (John Napier, Scottish faster than the first-generation Mathematician, 1617) computers. It has set of rods or bones with multiplication tables on them Performed addition, subtraction, multiplication and division  INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Third Generation (1965-1971) Network Computing The third-generation computers uses A computer network is a group of “Integrated Circuits”. It was invented by computers linked together to share data Jack Kilby. and resources. Jack St. Clair Kilby Cloud Computing American electrical engineer Who Provides access to information, invented the Integrated Circuits in Texas applications, communication and Instruments (TI) in 1958 storage over the internet Fourth Generation (1971-1980) he fourth-generation computers uses Lesson 3: All About Computer “Very Large-Scale integrated Circuits”. Computers became more powerful, What is a Computer? compact reliable and affordable. An electronic device that performs rapid computations and generates desired Fifth Generation ()1980-present) output for users based on input data and The fifth-generation computers uses programs. “Ultra Large-Scale Integration Computers can capture, store, retrieve Technology” and process data. The data may be numbers, characters, Lesson 2: Digital Revolution audio, video, images, etc.... Digital Revolution What is the difference? This is an ongoing process of social, Data - It is a collection of unprocessed items, political and economic change brought which include text, numbers, images, audio, and about by digital technology video. Information - It conveys meaning and is useful Phases of Digital Revolution to people. Data Processing Personal Computing “Computer is a versatile Device” Network Computing Characteristics of Computer Cloud Computing Phases of Digital Revolution Speed - Factors that affects the Computer’s Speed Data Processing Number of Cores The concept of large computers Graphics Card performing tasks based on the input Memory Cache processing output cycle represents were Clock Speed used from the 1940’s through 1970’s Accuracy - Computers can ensure a consistently very high degree of accuracy in computations. It Personal computing processes data according to the sequence of Characterized by small, stand-alone instruction. Hence, if input data and procedures computers powered by local software.  INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING are correct, the output will be consistently Desktop Computer accurate Notebook Computer Huge Storage & Fast Retrieval - Types of Storage you’re using and “Number” of RAM Desktop Computers - A desktop computer is Hard Disk Drives designed so that the system unit, input devices, Solid State Drive output devices, and any other devices fit entirely Versatile - Though computers are basically on or under a desk or table designed to carry out only arithmetic operations, yet they are capable of performing almost any Notebook Computers - A notebook computer, task that has a series of finite logical steps. also called laptop computer is a portable, Fatigue – Free - Computers are free from personal computer often designed to fit on your fatigue. It does not get tired of work and never lap. Notebook computers are thin and loses concentration. It can perform basic lightweight. Yet they can be as powerful as the arithmetic operations with the same degree of average desktop computer. speed and accuracy for any extent of time continuously, with the same amount of Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices - Both efficiency as the first transaction. considered as personal computer that you can Programmable - Computers can be carry from place to place, they are small enough programmed to function automatically, and this to hold in your hands differentiates it from any other calculating device. It functions as programmed for any Mobile Computers Examples stretch of time until the condition to terminate is Tablet PC satisfied. Smartphones Networking Capability - Computers can be Personal Digital Assistant interconnected into a network. Network in turn E-book Readers can be connected to other networks. Networks Handheld Computers extend the capability of computers. Networks Portable Media Player provide the basic infrastructure for electronic Digital Cameras communications, electronic commerce, and online trading and information service. Personal Digital Assistant - Often looks like a smart phone, provides personal information Categories of Computers management functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, Technological Convergence - The trend or and notepad. phenomenon where two or more independent technologies integrate and form a new outcome. Handheld Computers - A handheld computer, sometimes referred to as an Ultra- Mobile PC Personal Computers - A computer that can (UMPC), is a computer small enough to fit in perform all of its input processing, output, and one hand industry-specific handheld computers storage activities by itself, A personal computer serve mobile employees, such as parcel delivery contains a processor, memory, and one or more people, whose jobs require them to move from input, output, and storage device. place to place. 2 Types of PC (Personal Computer)  INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Game Consoles - It is a mobile computing 2..htm device designed for single player or multiplayer video games. Standard game consoles use a Elements - describe how the website should handheld controller(s) as an input device(s); a appear in the browser. television screen as an output device. And hard disk, optical discs, and/or memory cards for storage. Mainframe Computers - Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. HTML Page Structure - The standard starting Mainframes store tremendous amounts of data. structure of an HTML Instructions, and information's for business activities. Super Computers - A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive. The fastest super computers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second. - Indicates that we’re Lesson 5: HTML Overview and using HTML Structure - HTML elements that start of our document HTML - HTML (Hyper Text Markup - head element is use for the title, Language) is the standard language used to styling, scripts and other thing to be linked in create Webpages. HTML are composed of many our HTML File elements and these elements describe how the - Body element contains the main website should appear in the browser. content of our Web Page. HTML 5 - We are currently using HTML5 which is the current standard and still updated Lesson 6: Text Element and Formatting up to this day. Text Editor - Any software used to edit text; Comments in HTML - Comments are ignored some text editor are specially made for coding and is not displayed inthe Webpage, we use this that incorporates colored text for a certain to put notes in our code. language like HTML.