Introduction to Computing PDF

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing Computers are everywhere - - - - - People use all types and sizes of computers Consumers. Consumers who uses computers - - - - - - - Computers can do a lot of things. Two periods based on technology **Mechanical Era** - **El...

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing Computers are everywhere - - - - - People use all types and sizes of computers Consumers. Consumers who uses computers - - - - - - - Computers can do a lot of things. Two periods based on technology **Mechanical Era** - **Electronic Era** - **Abacus (Abundant Beads, Addition and Calculation Utility System)** - - - - **Napier Bones (John Napier, Scottish Mathematician, 1617)** - - **Pascaline (Blaise Pascal French Mathematician 1642)** - - - **Leibniz Wheel (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnez, 1685)** - - **Jacquard Loom (Joseph Marie Jacquard 1804)** - - **Evolution of Computers (Electronic Era)** **First Generation (1946-1959)** - - **Second Generation (1959 -- 1965)** - **Third Generation (1965-1971)** - **Jack St. Clair Kilby** - **Fourth Generation (1971-1980)** - **Fifth Generation ()1980-present)** - Lesson 2: Digital Revolution Digital Revolution - Phases of Digital Revolution - - - - - **Data Processing** - **Personal computing** - **Network Computing** - **Cloud Computing** - Lesson 3: All About Computer What is a Computer? - - - **What is the difference?** **Data** - It is a collection of unprocessed items, which include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. **Information** - It conveys meaning and is useful to people. **"Computer is a versatile Device"** **Characteristics of Computer** **Speed -** Factors that affects the Computer's Speed - - - - **Accuracy -** Computers can ensure a consistently very high degree of accuracy in computations. It processes data according to the sequence of instruction. Hence, if input data and procedures are correct, the output will be consistently accurate **Huge Storage & Fast Retrieval -** Types of Storage you're using and "Number" of RAM - - **Versatile -** Though computers are basically designed to carry out only arithmetic operations, yet they are capable of performing almost any task that has a series of finite logical steps. **Fatigue -- Free** - Computers are free from fatigue. It does not get tired of work and never loses concentration. It can perform basic arithmetic operations with the same degree of speed and accuracy for any extent of time continuously, with the same amount of efficiency as the first transaction. **Programmable -** Computers can be programmed to function automatically, and this differentiates it from any other calculating device. It functions as programmed for any stretch of time until the condition to terminate is satisfied. **Networking Capability -** Computers can be interconnected into a network. Network in turn can be connected to other networks. Networks extend the capability of computers. Networks provide the basic infrastructure for electronic communications, electronic commerce, and online trading and information service. **Categories of Computers** **Technological Convergence -** The trend or phenomenon where two or more independent technologies integrate and form a new outcome. **Personal Computers -** A computer that can perform all of its input processing, output, and storage activities by itself, A personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more input, output, and storage device. 2 Types of PC (Personal Computer) - - **Desktop Computers** - A desktop computer is designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table Notebook Computers - A notebook computer, also called laptop computer is a portable, personal computer often designed to fit on your lap. Notebook computers are thin and lightweight. Yet they can be as powerful as the average desktop computer. **Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices -** Both considered as personal computer that you can carry from place to place, they are small enough to hold in your hands Mobile Computers Examples - - - - - - - **Personal Digital Assistant -** Often looks like a smart phone, provides personal information management functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, and notepad. **Handheld Computers** - A handheld computer, sometimes referred to as an Ultra- Mobile PC (UMPC), is a computer small enough to fit in one hand industry-specific handheld computers serve mobile employees, such as parcel delivery people, whose jobs require them to move from place to place. **Game Consoles -** It is a mobile computing device designed for single player or multiplayer video games. Standard game consoles use a handheld controller(s) as an input device(s); a television screen as an output device. And hard disk, optical discs, and/or memory cards for storage. **Mainframe Computers** - Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. Mainframes store tremendous amounts of data. Instructions, and information\'s for business activities. **Super Computers -** A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive. The fastest super computers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second. Lesson 5: HTML Overview and Structure **HTML -** HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the standard language used to create Webpages. HTML are composed of many elements and these elements describe how the website should appear in the browser. **HTML 5** - We are currently using HTML5 which is the current standard and still updated up to this day. **Text Editor -** Any software used to edit text; some text editor are specially made for coding that incorporates colored text for a certain language like HTML. - - - **HTML Files -**.These files could be opened in browsers and edited on text editors. HTML Files are saved with the extension. 1. 2. **Elements** - describe how the website should appear in the browser. **HTML Page Structure -** The standard starting structure of an HTML  **\** - Indicates that we're using HTML **\** - HTML elements that start of our document **\ -** head element is use for the title, styling, scripts and other thing to be linked in our HTML File **\** - Body element contains the main content of our Web Page. Lesson 6: Text Element and Formatting **Comments in HTML -** Comments are ignored and is not displayed inthe Webpage, we use this to put notes in our code. \ Hello World \ **HTML Headings** - We have 6 different headings \ is the largest and \ is the smallest, headings are bold automatically. \ Heading 1 \ \ Heading 2 \ \ Heading 3 \ \ Heading 4 \ \ Heading 5 \ \ Heading 6 \ **\ Break Element -** Using this would put the next text on a new line. Note: \ doesn't have a closing tag \ Hello \ World \ **Text Formatting Elements** - We have different elements to format our text. \ Bold \ \ Important \ \ italic \ \ Emphasized \ mark\> Marked \ \ \ Smaller \ \ Deleted \ \ Inserted \ \ \ Subscript \ \ \ Superscript \ **\ Break Element -** Using this would put the next text on a new line. \ Hello \ World \ Note: \ doesn't have a closing tag