Introduction to Classical Greek Architecture PDF

INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE GREEK ARCHITECTURE 650-30 BC Geographical Started in Crete thousands of years ago before Greek civilization reached its peak The Aegean culture reached Greece and engaged in trade in the eastern M...

INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE GREEK ARCHITECTURE 650-30 BC Geographical Started in Crete thousands of years ago before Greek civilization reached its peak The Aegean culture reached Greece and engaged in trade in the eastern Mediterranean, Asia minor, Cyprus, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Libya. When the Aegean culture crumbled, colonists helped in forming Greece of classical times. Geography –mountainous character of Greece surrounded by sea produced strong sea- faring men engaged in maritime business Hinterlands made communications difficult. Two periods of Greek: Hellenic and Hellenistic period GREEK ARCHITECTURE 3 Religious Gods and goddesses Greek Roman Zeus supreme god, ruler of the sky Jupiter(Jove) Hera wife of Zeus, goddess of marriage Juno Apollo god of law and reason, art, music and Apollo poetry; founder of cities Athena Goddess of wisdom and learning Minerva Poseidon sea god Neptune Dionysos god of wine, feasting and revelry Bacchus Demeter goddess of earth and agriculture Ceres Artemis goddess of chase Diana Hermes messenger of the gods; god of commerce Mercury Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty Venus Hephaestus god of fire, flame, forge; god of handicraft Vulcan Ares god of war Mars Hestia goddess of hearth Helios (Sol) the sun god Selene (Luna) moon goddess Pan god of flocks Heracles (Hercules) a mortal who became god of strength and labor Asclepius (Aesculapius) god of healing GREEK ARCHITECTURE 4 Historical 600 BC Hellenic period After the attacks of the Dorian Greeks, Aegean period Hellenic civilization was born 3000 BC -Aegean people move from Greek cities settled down forms of Asia minor to Crete and mingled government-tyrannic, aristocratic, with the original inhabitants democratic 2000 BC-Aegeans penetrated the Greek cities colonized other lands mainland which five hundred years later were invaded by the people Ionians of Asia Minor got involved from the north politically with the Persian king 1600-1400 BC -whole Aegean culture 546 BC -Cyrus (Persian King) won the battle reached its peak. Another severe at Sardis and conquered the Greek cities attack by the northern Greek tribe. in Asia Minor 1100 BC The third attack of Crete by 499-493BC- the Ionian Greeks revolted but the Dorian Greeks almost destroyed reconquered by Darius I the Aegean culture 490 BC –the Persians conquered Greece The Aegean fled to neighboring coast, itself but were defeated in the Battle at Asia Minor, and build new cities Marathon and colonize other cities. 480 BC second attack of Greece by Xerxes ended at the sea battle at Salamis 479 B and land battle at Plataea GREEK ARCHITECTURE 5 Historical HELENISTIC PERIOD National celebrations in the victories 323 BC -Alexander the Great Died at of Salamis and Plataea brought about Babylon. Split among his general the constructions of important resulted. Ptolomy took Egypt temples in 50 years. Greece attempted to rise up by 444-429BC- rule of Pericles marked the conquering Achaen and Aetolian Athenian prosperity at its peak leagues 431-404 BC-due to jealousy, the Spartans The mutual animosity of the Greek attacked Athens at the Peloponnesian communities and its natural isolation war and Sparta gained supremacy. brought about chance for Rome to Other states attacked Sparta and the colonize Greece. leadership was transferred to Thebes 146 BC -Greece became a Roman and Macedonia province. 334 BC- King Philip and Son Alexander the Great subdued Persian Empire, conquer Egypt and founded the city of Alexandria, site in eastern Egypt. His conquest extended to India, and Greek art and civilization spread to western Asia. GREEK ARCHITECTURE 6  Hellenic Period. Temples were chief building type GREEK ARCHITECTURE Megaron-Earliest temple resembled 1. Hellenic Period 650-323 BC Aegean in plan-timber laced, sun-dried brick wall, stucco covered, on stone 2. Hellenistic Period dadoes, timber framed portals (origin After the downfall of Aegean culture of the door architrave) Greek states were united under similar Timber antae or uprights protecting devotion to their religion, religious the free ends of the naos where they festivals, love for drama, music fine embraced the pronaos or the porch. arts, and national games and manly Low pitched roofs showing pediments sports and contests. or gables over narrow ends. Practiced a level of democracy-citizen Temples were with wall enclosure and shared in all affairs of the state. propylaea Architectural features similar with the Propylaea –entrance gateway or predecessor vestibule Palaces, the dominant type of building Trabeated and columnar- structural in the Aegean period appeared system scarcely in the Greek architecture. GREEK ARCHITECTURE 7 HELLENIC PERIOD 507 BC to 523 BC- democracy of Athens to the death of Alexander the Great Athens –a small Mycenaean town – became powerful so powerful that it maintained its socio-political- economic position even after its defeat to the Spartan in the Peloponnesian War. -model of empire GREEK ARCHITECTURE 8