Introduction to Biology PDF

Introduction to BIOLOGY Dr.Reham Abd- Elmonsif Lecturer of cell biology SCIENCE  What is Biology? Bio – means life logos – to study / the study BIOLOGY – is the study of life / the study of living things  Properties of Life Living organisms: Are composed...

Introduction to BIOLOGY Dr.Reham Abd- Elmonsif Lecturer of cell biology SCIENCE  What is Biology? Bio – means life logos – to study / the study BIOLOGY – is the study of life / the study of living things  Properties of Life Living organisms: Are composed of cells (Cellular Organization) Are complex and ordered (Ordered Complexity) Respond to their environment (Sensitivity) Can Grow, Develop and Reproduce Obtain and use energy (Energy Utilization) Maintain internal balance (Homeostasis) Allow for Evolutionary Adaptation  Levels of Organization 1. Cellular Level Atoms molecules organelles cells 2. Organismal Level Tissues organs organ systems 3. Population Level Population species biological community 4. Ecosystem Level Biological community + physical habitat (soil, water, atmosphere) 5. The Biosphere The entire planet thought of as an ecosystem  Levels of Organization Cellular Organization cells organelles molecules atoms The cell is the basic unit of life. 7 Fig. 1.1-1 6  Levels of Organization Organismal Level organism organ systems organs tissues 9 Fig. 1.1-2 8  Levels of Organization Population Level ecosystem community species population 11 Fig. 1.1-3 10  Levels of Organization Each level of organization builds on the level below it but often demonstrates new features Emergent properties: new properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level 13  Divisions of Biology Botany – the study of PLANTS Zoology – the study of ANIMALS Microbiology- – the study of MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS  The study of form and structure of living organisms. BIOLOGY TEAMS - SMAMDA  Anatomy is the study of the internal structures (kidney, hert, liver etc.) BIOLOGY TEAMS - SMAMDA  The microscopic study of tissues is called histology.  Thestudy of the structures and functions of  and  the study of functions of different parts of living organisms.  Genetics – the study of genes and their role in inheritance. Inheritance: The transmission of character from one generation to the other.  The study of the development of an embryo to new individual. BIOLOGY TEAMS - SMAMDA  TAXONOMY Study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups.  Paleontology the study of fossils, which are the remains of extinct organisms  SOCIO BIOLOGY The study of social behaviour of the animals that make societies.  Parasitology – the study of the parasites.  The practical application of living organisms to manufacture substances for the welfare of mankind.  The study of the immune system of the animals which defend the body against invading microbes.  Study of insects. PHARMACOLOGY Study of drugs and their effects on the system of human body.  BIOPHYSICS Principles of physics biological phenomenon.  BIOCHEMISTRY It deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and processes occuring in living organisms.  BIOGEOGRAPHY It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.  BIOECONOMICS It deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view. THANK YOU