Introduction To Anatomy PDF

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY By Dr. Ahmed Gamal Abdel Ghafour Dr. Fekry Elsayed Shata Faculty of Medicine – HORUS University 2022 - 2023  I.L.Os.: Identify different anatomical terms. Recognize different anatomical pl...

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY By Dr. Ahmed Gamal Abdel Ghafour Dr. Fekry Elsayed Shata Faculty of Medicine – HORUS University 2022 - 2023  I.L.Os.: Identify different anatomical terms. Recognize different anatomical planes.  What is Anatomy? (Definition of Anatomy) - Human Anatomy is the science concerned with studying: 1- The structure and shape of the human body. 2- The relations of the human body parts to each other.  Organization of human body Body organization: The unit of body is the Cell. A group of cells form Tissues. A group of tissues form Organ. A group of organs form System. A group of systems form Body. Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Terms Related to Position 1- Anterior and Posterior (Distance from the Front of the body) Anterior and Posterior = Ventral and Dorsal plantar 2- Superior and Inferior (Distance from the head) Superior and inferior = Cranial and Caudal  3- Median, Medial and Lateral (Distance from mid-line of the body) Median Medial Lateral 4. Superficial and Deep = External and internal (Distance from surface of a cavity) Superficial and Deep = External and Internal 5. Proximal and Distal Proximal Intermediate Distal  Anatomical term Meaning Anterior Forward Posterior Backward Median At midline Medial Near to midline Lateral Away from midline Superior (Supra) Above Inferior (Hypo) Below Externa External Interna Internal Superficial Near to skin Deep Away from skin Proximal Near origin or near trunk Distal Away from origin or trunk Central Main part Peripheral Extending from main part ANATOMICAL POSITION a. The body stands erect, with heels together and slightly apart. b. Upper limbs are along the sides. c. The palms of the hands facing forward and the thumb to the lateral side. d. The head faces forward. Planes of the Body  Sagittal Plane Is an antero-posterior plane, parallel to the median plane. a. The midsagittal plane: - Vertical plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves.  PARASAGITTAL PLANE b. Parasagittal (paramedian) planes: - Vertical and parallel to the midsagittal plane, dividing the body into unequal right and left parts.  Horizontal Plane It divides the body into upper and lower parts.  Coronal Plane Is the plane which divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane sagittal Transverse Coronal Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane (also called coronal) (also called XS – cross section) This anatomical plane divides the body into: Select one: a. Ventral part and dorsal part b. Right part and left part c. Right half and left half d. Cranial part and caudal part e. Superior part and inferior parts This anatomical plane divides the body into: Select one: a. Right half and left half b. Ventral part and dorsal part c. Superior part and inferior part d. Proximal part and distal part e. Cranial part and caudal part This suture lies at which anatomical plane? Select one: a. Transverse plane b. Horizontal plane c. Coronal plane d. Sagittal plane e. Para-sagittal plane The arrows point at which anatomical directions? Select one: a. Medial/lateral b. Anterior/posterior c. Proximal/distal d. Superficial/deep e. Cranial/caudal Which directional term best describes the position of bone (B) to the position of bone (A): Select one: a. Anterior b. Distal c. Posterior d. Lateral e. Proximal Identify this anatomical plane. Select one: a. Paramedian b. Coronal plane c. Mid-clavicular d. Transverse plane e. Median-sagittal plane Transverse plane is defined as plane dividing the body into ………………. a. Equal right and left ½. b. Upper and lower parts. c. Unequal right and left parts. d. Anterior and posterior parts. Coronal plane is defined as plane dividing the body into ………………. a. Equal right and left ½. b. Upper and lower parts. c. Unequal right and left parts. d. Anterior and posterior parts. Midsagittal plane is defined as plane dividing the body into ………………. a. Equal right and left ½. b. Upper and lower parts. c. Unequal right and left parts. d. Anterior and posterior parts. Parasagittal plane is defined as plane dividing the body into ………………. a. Equal right and left ½. b. Upper and lower parts. c. Unequal right and left parts. d. Anterior and posterior parts. Regarding anatomic position, which is FALSE? a. Upright posture b. Palm facing backward c. Foot directed forward d. Eye looking forward