Introduction to Immunology: Cells and Function PDF

BMS2106 The Science of Disease Introduction to Immunology: Cells and Function Dr Yvonne Dombrowski Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for...

BMS2106 The Science of Disease Introduction to Immunology: Cells and Function Dr Yvonne Dombrowski Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine [email protected] Some slides from/based on Dr D Coey and Dr A. Kissenpfennig  Overview 👉 1. Physical and chemical barriers to infection 2. Cells of the innate immune system 3. Cells of the adaptive immune system 4. Synergy of innate and adaptive response  Learning outcomes 👉 1. Define immunological barriers 2. Describe the different cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and how they are linked 3. Discuss professional antigen presenting cells 4. Understand and use immunological terminology  Definitions👉 Immune (Latin- “immunus”) To be free of, exempt from People survived ravages of epidemic diseases when faced with the same disease again = The study of physiological mechanisms that humans and other animals use to defend from invading organisms = Defence of the host against foreign pathogens (= microorganisms, e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi; and worms) or their macromolecules, antigens  Host defense against 👉 infection Slide based on Dr D Coey  👉 1. Physical & chemical barriers  Physical barriers 👉 Slide based on Dr D Coey  Chemical barriers 👉 Tears Sweat Mucus Stomach acid Antibodies Antimicrobial peptides  Host defense against 👉 infection Slide based on Dr D Coey  👉 2. Cells of the innate immune system  Key cells of the innate immune system: Macrophages👉 Macrophages Monocyte is a circulating precursor of macrophages in blood There are tissue-specific macrophages Alveolar macrophage Peritoneal macrophage Kuppfer cells Osteoclast Microglial in brain Histiocytes Professional antigen precenting cells (APC) Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms Activation of T cells and initiation of the immune response See also: Innate and adaptive immunity, MHC & Antigen presentation  Neutrophils 👉 Neutrophils Short life span (hours) Very important at “clearing” bacterial infections See also: Innate and adaptive immunity Slide based on Dr D Coey  Other Granulocytes 👉 See also: Innate and adaptive immunity Slide based on Dr D Coey  Other Granulocytes 👉 Eosinophils Kills antibody-coated parasites through degranulation Involved in allergic inflammation Double-lobed nucleus Granules contain toxic compounds See also: Innate and adaptive immunity, Hypersensitivities Slide based on Dr D Coey  Other Granulocytes 👉 Mast cells Expulsion of parasites through release of granules Histamines, leukotrienes, chemokines, cytokines Also involved in allergic responses See also: Innate and adaptive immunity, Hypersensitivities Slide based on Dr D Coey  Other Granulocytes 👉 Basophils cell-killing Granules contain toxic and inflammatory compounds Important in allergic reactions See also: Innate and adaptive immunity, Hypersensitivities Slide based on Dr D Coey  Dendritic cells👉 Dendritic Cells Professional antigen presenting cells (APC) Found mainly in lymphoid tissue Skin Epidermis Initiate adaptive immunity: Activation of T cells Most potent stimulator of T-cell response EGFP Langerin See also: Innate and adaptive immunity Slide based on Dr D Coey. A. Kissenpfennig  Key cells of the innate immune 👉 system Dendritic Cells DC connect innate and adaptive immune system See also: Innate and adaptive immunity Slide based on Dr A. Kissenpfennig  Link between innate and adaptive 👉 immunity There is close synergy between the two systems with the adaptive response greatly improving the efficiency of the innate response and the innate response setting the scene for activation of the adaptive response Slide based on Dr A. Kissenpfennig  Link between innate and adaptive 👉 immunity Cells with characteristics /functions of innate and adaptive immunity Gamma-delta T cells Innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, NK cells, LTi) NKT cells There is close synergy between the two systems with the adaptive response greatly improving the efficiency of the innate response and the innate response setting the scene for activation of the adaptive response Slide based on Dr A. Kissenpfennig  👉 2. Cells of the adaptive immune system  Lymphocytes👉 Many types; important in both humoral (=antibody mediated) and cell-mediated immunity (T-cell mediated) B cells produce antibodies T cells Cytotoxic T cells (TC) Helper T cells (TH) Memory T and B cells Regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells See also Cell mediated immunity, Humoral immune response, T cell activation and Adaptive response to pathogens  T lymphocytes 👉 See also Cell mediated immunity, T cell activation and Adaptive response to pathogens Slide based on Dr D Coey  B lymphocytes 👉 See also Cell-mediated immunity, Humoral immune response and Adaptive response to pathogens Slide based on Dr D Coey  B lymphocytes 👉 See also Cell-mediated immunity, Humoral immune response and Adaptive response to pathogens Slide based on Dr D Coey Immune system acts in synergy to fight infections 👉 Slide based on Dr D Coey Immune system acts in synergy to fight infections 👉  The Immune System: The good and the👉bad See semester 2 lectures Slide based on Dr D Coey