Introduction And Organization Of Nervous System Part I PDF

Jammaella Vernice T. Gomez, PTRP, MSPT cand.  Functions  Divisions  Histology  CNS  PNS  Sensory function  to sense changes in the internal and external environment through sensory receptors.  Integrative function  to analyze the sensory information, store some...

Jammaella Vernice T. Gomez, PTRP, MSPT cand.  Functions  Divisions  Histology  CNS  PNS  Sensory function  to sense changes in the internal and external environment through sensory receptors.  Integrative function  to analyze the sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors  Motor function  to respond to stimuli by initiating action  Central nervous system (CNS)  consists of the brain and spinal cord  Peripheral nervous system (PNS)  consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers  connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors  Neurons  Parts  Structural Classification  Functional Classification  Neuroglia  Types  Gray & White Matter  Nerve cells  Functional unit of nervous system  Have capacity to produce action potential (electrical excitability)  Irritability  ability to respond to stimuli  Conductivity  ability to transmit an impulse  Sensory (afferent) neurons  Carry impulses from the sensory receptors  Motor (efferent) neurons  Carry impulses from the central nervous system  Interneurons (association neurons)  Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system  Connect sensory and motor neurons  Astrocytes  Microglia  Abundant, star-shaped  Spider-like phagocytes cells  Dispose of debris  Brace neurons  Form barrier between capillaries and neurons  Control the chemical environment of CNS  Ependymal cells  Oligodendrocytes  Line cavities of the  Produce myelin sheath brain and spinal cord around nerve fibers in  Circulate CSF the CNS  Schwann cells  Satellite cells ▪ Form myelin sheath in the  Protect neuron cell PNS bodies  CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - BRAIN - SPINAL CORD  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CRANIAL NERVES - SPINAL NERVES - ASSOCIATED GANGLIA  BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD  MENINGES  CEREBROSPINAL FLUID  NEURONS, NEUROGLIA, AXONS (NERVE FIBERS)  GRAY MATTER VS. WHITE MATTER  Dura Mater  dense strong fibrous connective tissue  Arachnoid Mater  delicate impermeable membrane  arachnoid villi/granulations  Pia Mater  vascular membrane  Dura Mater  dense strong fibrous connective tissue  Arachnoid Mater  delicate impermeable membrane  arachnoid villi/granulations  Pia Mater  vascular membrane  Brain receives approximately 20% of the total blood supply.  Internal carotid and vertebral arteries carry blood to the brain.  Internal jugular veins return blood from the brain.  Blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects brain from harmful substances.  Clear fluid  Functions  Absorbs shock and protects the brain and the spinal cord  Helps transport nutrients and wastes from the blood and the nervous tissue.  Formed by filtration from networks of capillaries called choroid plexuses (found in the ventricles)  Circulates through the ventricles, central canal and subarachnoid space  Absorbed by arachnoid villi Spinal and cranial nerves Associated ganglia consist of bundles of nerve fibers or axons Relatively unprotected  SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM  AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM  innervates the structures of the body wall (muscles, skin, and mucous membranes).  contains portions of the central and peripheral systems  concerned with the innervation of involuntary structures (visceral organs)  2 divisions - Sympathetic nervous system - Parasympathetic nervous system  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Trunk Type of Response General Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) Type of Response General Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Cranio-sacral Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) (1973; S2-S4) Type of Response General Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Cranio-sacral Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) (1973; S2-S4) Type of Diffuse Response Response General Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Cranio-sacral Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) (1973; S2-S4) Type of Diffuse Response Localized Response Response General Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Cranio-sacral Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) (1973; S2-S4) Type of Diffuse Response Localized Response Response General “Fight or Flight” Function  SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC Supplying Thoraco-lumbar Outflow Cranio-sacral Outflow Trunk (T1-L3) (1973; S2-S4) Type of Diffuse Response Localized Response Response General “Fight or Flight” “Repose or Repair”, Function Energy Conservation