Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) PDF

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Introduction to Programming Paradigms Programming Paradigms are approaches or styles of programming. Common paradigms: Procedural Programming: Focuses on functions and sequences of tasks. Object-Oriented Programming: Focuses on o...

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Introduction to Programming Paradigms Programming Paradigms are approaches or styles of programming. Common paradigms: Procedural Programming: Focuses on functions and sequences of tasks. Object-Oriented Programming: Focuses on objects and their interactions. Functional Programming: Focuses on pure functions and immutability. Object-Oriented Programming in Python Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes. It allows developers to model real-world entities and their interactions, making the code more modular, reusable, and maintainable. Python, being an object-oriented language, supports OOP principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Core Concepts of OOP 1. Class 2. Object 3. Encapsulation 4. Inheritance 5. Polymorphism 6. Abstraction Key Concepts of OOP in Python Class: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the attributes (data) and methods (functions) that the objects created from the class will have. Key Concepts of OOP in Python Object: An object is an instance of a class. It represents a specific example of the class with its own data. my_car = Car("Tesla", "Red") # Creating an object my_car.drive() # Output: The Red Tesla is driving. Key Concepts of OOP in Python Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data (attributes) and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class), and restricting access to some of the object’s components to protect the integrity of the data. Key Concepts of OOP in Python Inheritance: Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class, promoting code reuse. Key Concepts of OOP in Python Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass, with methods behaving differently based on the object’s class. Key Concepts of OOP in Python Abstraction: Abstraction hides complex implementation details and shows only the necessary parts, making the interface easier to work with. Python achieves abstraction through abstract classes and interfaces using the abc module. Benefits of OOP in Python Modularity: Code is organized into separate classes, making it easier to manage. Reusability: Classes and objects can be reused across different programs. Scalability: Easy to extend and maintain code due to clear structure. Ease of Maintenance: Encapsulation helps in isolating changes, reducing bugs and making debugging easier.